Just some words

Everyday Words – Egmegishek kedwenen

Daily Activities – ezhechkeyak egmegishek

Dokin

Bzegwin

Gzingwégen

Gzinjengen

Biskonyén

Bisken mkesnen

Mnogizhget

Gzhebawisnewen

Nawkwéwisnewen

Nebgeshwisnewen

Binjegén

Mnésjegén

Wi ne mban

Time words – Piwen kedwenen

Nebgeshet o gizes

Nebgeshmok

Pkonyak

Dbeket

Wikadbeket

Giskbeknyak

Dbekok

Gezhép

Bozhgeshep

Gzheba

Waben

Weyabek              the next morning

Waseyabek          as the sun’s rays appear

Aptewaben

Wikawaben

Nawkwék

Gizhnawkwék

Aptegizhnawkwék

Wika gizhnawkwék

Abtadbeket

Bwamsheabtadbeket

Personal items – I ye node ndebendan

Msenegen

Msenakagen

Msenaksegen

Shkemot

Wiwkwan

Déswiwkwan

Biskewagen

Gokmedasen

Mkesen

Mkesnen

Gbedi

Bitogbediyen

Binakwan

Gashkawen

Mjegodé

Nebyégenatek

Food and eating – wisnewen mine ewisneyak

Wisnewen

Mijem

Pkwézhgen

Ziwtagen

Waskek

Zisbakwet

Penyék

Menomin

Wawen

Wawnon

Shegagoshek

Washkpekgakwen

Washpegasnen

Pkwézhgegasnen

Dopwen

Jibtebwen

Wnagen

Wnagas

Kwabgen

Kwabgas

Kek

Kekos

Koman

Emkwan

Bdekjigen

Wjanda

Gisen

Giswa

Gigeno

Zaskokwana

Zaskokwadan

Bodakwe

Mkwemiswen

Mkwemitaswen

Zaskokwan

Kwébjegen

Zdayabogen

Zaskokwadék

Kapsek

Dékyak

Relatives and Friends – Ndenwémagnedok

N’os

G’os

W’osen

N’gyé

Ggyé

Wgyéyen

Nmeshomes

Gmeshomes

Wmeshomsen

N’okmes

G’okmes

W’okmesen

Mezodan

Getsimnan

Getsimnanek

Shimé

Noshé

Nshegwes

Ndewéma

Nsezé

Nijanes

Ndanes

Neagnekwé

Neangesh

Nshenes

Noses

Noseme

Negwnes

Nzhemes

Ndenwémagen

Nidgeko

Nmesé

Nzheshé

Nitawes

Nmeshomseben

N’okmesben

N’osben

Ngyében

How to talk

Neangedon- Know how to talk

1. Cho neangedosiyan odo pi

I don’t know how to talk at this time.

2. Cho neangedosiyen odo pi

You don’t know how to talk at this time

3. Cho neangedosit odo pi

He/ she doesn’t know how to talk at this time.

4. Cho nneangedosimen odo pi

We(-) don’t know how to talk at this

5. Cho gneangedosimen odo pi

We (+) don’t know how to talk at this time.

6. Cho gneangedosim odo pi.

You all don’t know how to talk at this time.

7. Cho neangedosiwat odo pi.

They don’t how to talk at this time.

Bon angedon  stop talking/to be prevented from talking

1. Cho nwi bon angedosiyan      (iw pi ezhyayan zhi)

I won’t stop talking or I won’t be prevented from talking.

2. Cho gwi bon angedosiyen     (iw pi ezhyayen zhi)

You won’t be prevented from talking or you won’t stop talking

3. Cho wi bon angedosit    (iw pi ezhyet zhi)

He/she won’t be prevented from talking or h/s won’t stop talking.

4. Cho nwi bon angedosimen   (iw pi ezhyayek zhi)

We (-) won’t be prevented from talking or We (-) won’t stop talking.

5. Cho gwi bon angedosimen.  (iw pi ezhayygo zhi)

We (+)  won’t be prevented from talking or we (+)won’t stop talking.

6. Cho gwi bon angedosim  (iw pi ezhyayek zhi)

You all won’t be prevented from talking or you all won’t stop talking.

7. Cho wi bon angedosiwat.  (iw pi ezhyewat zhi)

They won’t be prevented from talking or They won’t stop talking.

Demangedon-busy talking

1. Ngi demangedoyan wnago

I was busy talking yesterday

2. Ggi demangedoyen wnago

You were busy talking yesterday.

3. Gi demangedot wnago.

H/s was busy talking yesterday.

4. Ngi demangedomen wnago

We(-) were busy talking yesterday.

5. Ggi demangedomen wnago.

We (+) were busy talking yesterday.

6. Ggi demangedom wnago.

You all were busy talking yesterday.

7. Gi demangedowat wnago.

They were busy talking yesterday.

Zhiangedon-talking fast

1. Nde zhi angedoyan

I am talking fast

2. Gde zhi angedoyen

You are talking fast

3. Wde zhi angedot

H/s is talking fast

4. Nde zhi angedomen.

We (-) are talking fast

5. Gde zhi angedomen

We (+) are talking fast.

6. Gde zhi angedom

You all are talking fast

7. Wde zhi angedowat

They are talking fast.

Some more words and phrases

Nio – My Body

Inalienable Possession does not mean you are possessed by aliens. 

It is a linguistic term that describes the Potawatomi world view on the parts of one’s body.

Something that is “Alienably Possessed” can be separated from its owner, it can be “alienated.”

Something that is “Inalienably Possessed” cannot be separated from its owner.

In English, you can just say Arm, Leg, Head, Nose, Feet, Hands, Etc.

In Potawatomi you cannot.  You have to specify WHOSE body the body part belongs to.

In Potawatomi, body parts are inanimate because they require the rest of the body to function, and they are considered “dependent” nouns because you have to add affixes to them to show who they belong to and what they are doing.

As beginners, you should memorize at least the Nin and Gin forms of the body parts.

                             My                                     Your

Head                  nshtegwan                      gshtegwan

Ears                     ntogen                             gtogen

Eyes                    nshkizhgon                     gshkizhgon

Nose                   njash                                 gjash

Mouth               ndon                                 gdon

Hands                nnejen                             gnejen

Fingers               nnejisnen                        nnejisnen

Arms                   nnekén                            gnekén

Legs                    nkadén                            gkadén

Feet                    nzedén                            gzedén

Toes                    nzedésnen                     gzedésnen

                             Singular                           Plural

Nin                    Ntog                                Ntogen

Gin                     Gtog                                 Gtogen

Win                   Wtogen                          Wtognen

Ginwa               (Gtogmewa)                   Gtogmewan

Ninan               (Ntogmenan)                 Ntogmenanen

Ginan                 (Gtogmenan)                Gtogmenanen

Winwa               (Wtogmewan)               Wtogmewanen

(You wouldn’t say Y’all’s Head, or Their Head, you would only use the plural forms.  The singular forms are listed as examples only.)

Using Body Parts in verb phrases

Ndep – My head (another word.)

Gdep – Your head

Ndékwé – I have a headache

Nyekwkwes – I am very tired

Ngi kijdebé – I have a sore head

Gi kijdebé ne? – Do you have a sore head?

Ngi kij jané                      I have a sore nose

Nmeskwiwjané             I have a bloody nose

Ngi kij wibet                   I have a sore tooth

Ngi kij wibtan                I have sore teeth

Ngi kij damken I have a sore jaw

Ngi kij denmagen          I have a sore shoulder

Ngi kij pegwen               I have a sore back

Ah, wéte ggigij!             Boy, are you a cry baby!

Ndodapnezo                  I am cramping

Ndo dapjigwenezo      My knee is cramping up

Ndo dapkadnezo          My leg is cramping up

Ndo dappegwenezo    My back is cramping up

Ndo dapnkwegenezo  My neck is cramping up

Ndo dapneknezo          My arm is cramping up

Ndo dapnejezo             My finger is cramping up

Ndo dapbwamnezo     My thigh is cramping up

Gdo  dapnezyen ébmadziyan – You’re cramping my style!

Ni pi je ni gtognen?      Where are your ears?

Baknen ni gtogen         Open your ears.

Ndakwes nwibet           I have a toothache  (my tooth is sick)

Ngi bok janéshen         I broke my nose

Ngi janagnama              I broke his/her nose

Ngi bok janégnamek   H/s broke my nose

Ngi bok ndamken         I broke my jaw

Ngi bok kanéshen        I broke my bone

Ngi bok kadéshen        I broke my leg

Ngi bok nekéshen        I broke my arm

Ngi bok gweshen          I broke my neck

Ngi bok gwébena         I broke h/h neck

Ggi migadi ne? Were you fighting?

Ngi wépodago               I was hit

Ngi knéshkak                 I was made senseless

Some More Vocabulary On Sickness.

Napnewen                      sickness

_______________nde na pne              I have the_____________________

_______________nde na pne men    We have __________________ (excl.)

_______________na pne wak              H/S has___________________

_______________na pne wek              They have ________________ (excl.)

_______________gde na pne men     We have __________________ (incl.)

ni je ena pne yen?        ______what ails you?

ni je ena pne yen?        ______what sickness do you have?

ni je ena pne yek?        ______what ails you people?

ni je ena pnet?              ______what sickness does h/s have?

ni je ena pne wat?        ______what do they have? (sickness)

ni je ena pne ygo?        ______what is wrong with us?

Bigéch dyét

Cold butt

Meskwa dyé

H/h red butt

Ngzhibi jané

My nose itches

Ngizhibi kadé

My leg itches

Ngtem gné

My joints are stiff

Ni je éshewébzet o mbibis – what’s the matter with the baby

Mdwé janémgwam

Snoring-the sound of noise when sleeping

Gi zhash ge gwé ne

Did you vomit?

Gwi zhash ge gwé ne

Are you going to vomit?

Gi zhabshkawnen ni minen

The blue berries gave me diarrhea

Kwéshmon

Rest!

Nwi kwéshmo

I’ll rest

Gwi kwéshmomen

We’re going to rest

Yak no gék depik

They’re sick in the head

Yakme dem ndep

My head hurts

Mno zhe wébes

I’m in good health

Wdéokwé

Headache

Dewkwé

Headache

Megwa she anwe

I’m still feeling fine      

Mnobmades

I’m feeling well/I’m in good health

Ndaknoga

I’m sick

Shken jéno

Hold my hand.

Zhapkawzo o bibis

The baby has diarrhea

Sick

Sick s.o. is                                             verb ai. ndakwenoga (I am sick)

Sick (alternate)                                    verb ai. mnoyesi

Sick (alternate)                                    verb ai. yaknoge

to get sick s.o. does                           verb ai. webapene

Sick s.t. makes s.o.                              verb. mankagwen

Sickness                                               noun. Pene’ewen

Sickness (alternate) noun.        yaknogewen (same as disease)

Lesson 11:  Cho mno yési. I don’t feel good.

NdaknogaI am sick
Gdaknoga ne?Are you sick?
Yaknogé o penojéThe baby is sick
Yaknogék gi gigabéyekThe boys are sick
NdaknogamenWe are sick
Ngi zhashkegwéI vomited
Gi zhashkegwé o ngwesMy son threw up
NzhapkawesI have diarrhea
Zhapkawze o gigyagoThe girl has diarrhea
NdewkwéI have a headache
NyekwkwesI am tired
Dewkweze o ndenimMy husband is tired
Kikibgosh o penojéThe baby is very sleepy
Ndakmetem nmesetMy stomach hurts
Nde zostemI am coughing
Ngi jechamI sneezed
Zostep o gigyagoThe girl has a cough
Jechamo o gigabéThe boy has the sneezes
Ngi wépodagoI got hit
Ngi knéshkakI was knocked senseless (fainted, concussion)
Ngikij janéI have a sore nose
Ndakmetem njoshMy nose is sore
Ngijij wibtanéI have sore teeth
Ndakmetem nibetMy tooth is sore
Ndakmetem nibdenMy teeth are sore
Ngi bokjanéshenI broke my nose
Ngi bokkadéshenI broke my leg
Ngi boknekéshenI broke my arm
NmeskwiwjanéI have a bloody nose
NmeskwiwtogéMy ears are bleeding
Mshkekiwnene nwi o wabma nomekI’m going to go see the doctor in a little while
Mshkekiwgemek nge zhyaI am going to the clinic/hospital

Let’s have a look at some of these unique words:

NounsVerbsOther wordsParticles
Penojé – babyYaknogé – to be sickO – “that” with an animate noun, “go do” in front of a verbNe – question particle
Gigabéyek – boysZhashkegwé – to vomitGi – “those” with animate plural noun, “past” with a verbNgi – I “did” something, or we “did”, check verb
Ngwes – my sonZhapkawze – have diarrheaNomek – in a little whileNde – I or we are “doing something”
Gigyago – girlDewkwé – have a headache Nwi – I or we “will do” something
Gigabé – boyYewkweze – be tired Nge – I or we are “about to do” something
Ndenim – my husbandKikibgosh – be sleepy  
Nmeset – my stomachYakmetem – a body part is sore  
Njosh – my noseZostep – to cough (very irregular verb)  
Jané – nose constructJechamo – to sneeze  
Wibtané – teeth constructWépodago – to get hit  
Nibet – my toothKnéshkak – rendered unconscious  
Kadé – leg constructGikij – a body part is sore *requires body part construct form  
Neké – arm constructBok – a body part is broken *requires body part construct form  
Togé – ear constructMeskwiw – a body part is bleeding *requires body part construct form  
Mshkekiwnene – doctorWabma – see someone  
Mshkekiwgemek – clinic/hospitalZhya – go  

What can we learn?

  1. Yaknogé is irregular.  Because it begins with a Y, the “de” tense makes a contraction.  This often happens with verbs that start with Y or W.  A related verb, Yakmetem, which is specific to the body part that is sick or hurt, does the same, and becomes Ndakmetem.
  2. Many sickness verbs are irregular.  Zostep is a verb of coughing, but to say I am coughing, you say “nde zostem.”  Jechamo is a verb that drops the “o” at the end, so Nde jecham means I am sneezing.  Zhapkawze changes the ending to Nzhapkawes if you want to say “I have diarrhea.”
  3. There are other words for sickness, such as Napnewen or Pené’éwen.  These words for sickness describes a long-term chronic illness.  Yaknogéwen is a short term acute illness. 
  4. Knowing how to use and recognize body part construct forms is important when describing various conditions.  Let’s look at this in detail:

Manipulating Body Parts

To Review:  In Potawatomi grammar, most body parts are considered inanimate.  This is because the body, which is animate, is the sum total of its parts, and individual body parts do not function on their own without the rest of the body. 

Body parts are also considered “inalienably possessed,” which has nothing to do with aliens, but means simply that they cannot be given away.  This means you will very rarely see words for body parts on their own without referencing WHO the body part belongs to.  To get around this in conversations, there are construct forms of body parts.  When using these, the construct forms often form body-based verbs.

Body PartConstruct Form
Nibden – My teethYabdé –  teeth
Nenji – my handNejé – hand
Nzet – my footZedé – foot
Njash – my noseJané – nose
Ndon – my mouthDoné – mouth

Let’s look at body part constructs vs. descriptive verbs:

NgikijdebéMy head is soreNdakmetem ndep/nshtegwanI have a sore head
NgikijjanéMy nose is soreNdakmetem njashI have a sore nose
NgikijnekéMy arm is soreNdakmetem nekI have a sore arm
NgikijkadéMy leg is soreNdakmetem nkatI have a sore leg
NgikijdonéMy mouth is soreNdakmetem ndonI have a sore mouth
NgikijyabdéMy teeth are soreNdakmetem nibdenI have sore teeth
NgikijzetéMy foot is soreNdakmetem nzetI have a sore foot

Let’s use this opportunity to highlight some of these unique verbs:

Ngi jechamI sneezedNgi zostemI coughed
Ggi jecham ne?Did you sneeze?Ggi zostem ne?Did you cough?
Gi jechamoHe/she sneezedGi zostepHe/she coughed
Ngi jechamenWe- sneezedNgi zostepmenWe- coughed
Ggi jechamenWe+ sneezedGgi zostepmenWe+ coughed
Ggi jechamom ne?Did y’all sneeze?Ggi zostebem ne?Did y’all cough?
Gi jechamokThey sneezedGi zostemwikThey coughed
    
Ngi zhashkegwéI threw upNgi zhapkawesI had diarrhea
Ggi zhashkegwé ne?Did you throw up?Ggi zhapkawes ne?Did you have diarrhea?
Gi zhashkegwéHe/she threw upGi zhapkawzeHe/she had diarrhea
Ngi zhashkegwémenWe- threw upNgi zhapkawzemenWe- had diarrhea
Ggi zhashkegwémenWe+ threw upGgi zhapkawzemenWe+ had diarrhea
Ggi zhashkegwém ne?Did y’all throw up?Ggi zhapkawzem ne?Did y’all have diarrhea?
Gi zhashkegwékThey threw upGi zhapkawzikThey had diarrhea
    
NdaknogaI am sickNdewkwéI have a headache
Gdaknoga ne?Are you sick?Gdewkwé ne?Do you have a headache?
YaknogéHe/she is sickDewkwéHe/she has a headache
NdaknogamenWe- are sickNdewkwémenWe- have a headache
GdaknogamenWe+ are sickGdewkwémenWe+ have a headache
Gdaknogam ne?Are y’all sick?Gdewkwém ne?Do y’all have a headache?
YaknogékThey are sickDewkwékThey have a headache

One more:  To say I caught a cold, you say “Ngi tkech.”  This is an idiom.

Assignment:  Use these phrases to describe the last time you or a family member were sick. 

The Moon has an effect on the weather

The Thirteen Moon Calendar Of The Neshnabe’k

BC: Before Columbus.

Indian moons are (28) day cycles

Example: 28 X 13 = 364 days

Indian Calendar:

1st Moon    (Bbongizes) The moon of the snow and blizzard.

2nd Moon   (Kchenodengizes) The moon of the winds.

3rd Moon    (Zisbakdokegizes) The moon of maple sugar.

4th Moon    (Gtegankegizes)  The moon of planting time.

5th Moon   (Waskonedogizes)  The moon of the flowers.

6th Moon   (Demengizes)  The moon of strawberries.

7th Moon   (Nodnokigizes) The moon of the gentle breezes.

8th Moon   (Kcheshategizes)  The moon of the hot weather.

9th Moon   (Kishkashkijigegizes) The moon of the harvest.

10th Moon  (Bnakwigizes) The moon of falling leaves.

11th Moon  (Kwemigizes) The moon of the frost.

12th Moon  (Ksenyamgizes)  The moon of the cold weather.

13th Moon  (Agmosekgizes)  The moon of the snow shoes.

Indian Calendar:

1st Moon    (Bbongizes) The moon of the snow and blizzard.

2nd Moon   (Kchenodengizes) The moon of the winds.

3rd Moon    (Zisbakdokegizes) The moon of the making of maple sugar.

4th Moon    (Gtegankegizes)  The moon of planting time.

5th Moon   (Waskonedogizes)  The moon of the flowers.

6th Moon   (Demengizes)  The moon of strawberries.

7th Moon   (Nodnokigizes) The moon of the gentle breezes.

8th Moon   (Kcheshategizes)  The moon of the hot weather.

9th Moon   (Kishkashkijigegizes) The moon of the harvest.

10th Moon  (Bnakwigizes) The moon of falling leaves.

11th Moon  (Kwemigizes) The moon of the frost.

12th Moon  (Ksenyamgizes)  The moon of the cold weather.

13th Moon  (Agmosekgizes)  The moon of the snow shoes. 

One possible scenario for Upper Midwest.

1st moon       1st half of January

2nd moon      February

3rd moon       March

4th moon       April

5th moon       May

6th moon       June

7th moon       July

8th moon       August

9th moon       September

10th moon     October

11th moon     November

12th moon     December

13th moon     2nd half of January

Another possible scenario for Lower Midwest.

1st moon       2nd half of December

2nd moon      January

3rd moon       February

4th moon       March

5th moon       April

6th moon       May

7th moon       June

8th moon       July

9th moon       August

10th moon     September

11th moon     October

12th moon     November

13th moon     1st half of December

Ode Gizos Msenegen

This moon Paper or calendar in English

different calendars for various regions

Months:

MKO kIzES                           Bear Moon                                                 January

MKO kIzOS                           Little Bear Moon                                                 February

JEJAuK kIzES                      Crane Moon                                                 March

MZHWÉ kIzES                     Rabbit Moon                                                 April

DÉMEN kIzES                      Strawberry Moon                                                 May

MZHIKÉ kIzES                     Turtle Moon                                                 June

WiSHKet DAMEN kIzES   Sweet Corn Moon                                                 July

MINKÉ kIzES                       Blueberry Picking Moon                                     August

wZAWBOGYA kIzES          Yellow Leaf Moon                                                 September

BNAKWI kIzES                    Leaves Falling Moon                                                 October

PNÉ kIzES                             Turkey Moon                                                 November

pON kIzES                             Snow Moon                                                 December

Days of the weeks:

NEMÉ kISHÉK                      Prayer day                                                 Sunday

Ngot kishÉk                      one day                                                 Monday

Nizh kishÉk                        two day                                                 Tuesday

NswÉ kishÉk                      three day                                                 WeDnESday

NyÉw kishÉk                     four day                                                 Thursday

nyano kishÉk                   Five day                                                 Friday

Odanké kishÉk                town day                                                 Saturday

Some weather terms:

It’s raining outside today.                    Gmeyamget ngom zagech.

It’s going to rain tomorrow                 Gwi gmeyamget wabek mine weswabek

and day after tomorrow.

It’s a nice day outside.                         Mno gishget ngom zagech.

It’s warm outdoors today.                    Yabwamget zagech ngom.

It’s cold outdoors today.                      Ksen yamget ngom zagech.

It’s cloudy outdoors today.                  Ngwan kwet zagech ngom.

It’s windy outside today.                      Nshiw wa nmet ngom zagech.

It’s stormy today.                                 Niska det ngom.

It’s drizzling today.                               Gmno wes wen ngom.

It’s cool today.                                      Tke yam get ngom.

It’s hot today.                                       Gsha tem get ngom.

It’s going to be a nice day.                   Wi mno gishget.

It is really hot today.                            Kwan se ge gzha tem get ngom.

It’s windy today.                                   Noden ngom.

It is unbearably hot!                            Wiska kte mget!

It is a clear sky today.                          Mzhe kwet ngom.

Clouds are coming.                              Bidan kwet.

It’s a really nice warm day.                 Kwan se ge mno gish get.

The wind is beginning to blow.           We ba nmet.

There is a tornado coming.                 Waw yas to e zhe byat.

It’s a really clear sky.                          Kwan se ge mzhe kwet.

The wind is blowing in all

directions.                                            Nsho na da nmet.

It’s slippery outdoors today.                Zho shkwa mget ngom zagech.

It is melting today.                               Nge dem get ngom.

Its’ smokey outdoors today.                 Bkwe nem get ngom zagech.

It’s going to be a really hot day.          Gwi pich gzha tem get gnom.

It’s snowing today.                               Boni mget ngom.

It’s really going to snow tomorrow.    Gwi kche bonimke wabek.

It’s really clear today.                          Kche mzhekwet ngom.

Ni je ezhewebek ibe edayek?               What is it like where you folks live?

The moon has an effect on the weather.

Some weather terms:

It’s raining outside today.       Gmeyamget ngom zagech.

It’s going to rain tomorrow       Gwi gmeyamget wabek mine weswabek

and day after tomorrow.

It’s a nice day outside.      Mno gishget ngom zagech.

It’s warm outdoors today.     Yabwamget zagech ngom.

It’s cold outdoors today.     Ksen yamget ngom zagech.

It’s cloudy outdoors today.       Ngwan kwet zagech ngom.

It’s windy outside today.     Nshiw wa nmet ngom zagech.

It’s stormy today.        Niska det ngom.

It’s drizzling today.         Gmno wes wen ngom.

It’s cool today.              Tke yam get ngom.

It’s hot today.               Gsha tem get ngom.

It’s going to be a nice day.      Wi mno gishget.

It is really hot today.           Kwan se ge gzha tem get ngom.

It’s windy today.             Noden ngom.

It is unbearably hot!         Wiska kte mget!

It is a clear sky today.      Mzhe kwet ngom.

Clouds are coming.        Bidan kwet.

It’s a really nice warm day.      Kwan se ge mno gish get.

The wind is beginning to blow.    We ba nmet.

There is a tornado coming.    Waw yas to e zhe byat.

It’s a really clear sky.      Kwan se ge mzhe kwet.

The wind is blowing in all

directions.               Nsho na da nmet.

It’s slippery outdoors today.     Zho shkwa mget ngom zagech.

It is melting today.          Nge dem get ngom.

Its’ smokey outdoors today.       Bkwe nem get ngom zagech.

It’s going to be a really hot day.    Gwi pich gzha tem get gnom.

It’s snowing today.           Boni mget ngom.

It’s really going to snow tomorrow.    Gwi kche bonimke wabek.

It’s really clear today.      Kche mzhekwet ngom.

Ni je ezhewebek ibe edayek?       What is it like where you folks live?

Very useful phrases

Useful Phrases… 

Nin I, me, my, mine 

Gin You, your, yours 

Win He/she, her/him 

Ninan We – u 

Ginan We + u 

Ginwa Ya all 

Winwa Them, they 

Gé ninan Us too 

Gé winwa Them too 

Gé ginwa You all too 

Gé nin Me too 

Ode This Node These 

I That Ni Those 

Éi That over there Éni Those over there 

Ode This Gode These 

O That him/her who Gi Those 

Ago That over there Égi Those over there 

Ode wnagen Node wnagnen 

I wnagen Ni wnagnen 

Éi wnagen Éni wnagnen 

Ode kewézi Gode kewéziyek 

O kewézi Gi kewéziyek 

Ago kewézi Égi kewéziyek 

Neshnabé ne gdaw 

Éhé neshnabé ndaw 

Ni je ne énwéyen 

Bodéwadmi shkwongenek ndoch bya  Shkwongen (shkwengen) 

Wiyé o ne gdekwéyom ?  wiye weye  

Ni je pi ne ga wicheweyen ? 

Gde penojem ne 

Ni je etse ponok ga widge’eyek 

Wika shna ngi giwé Wika shna nwi giwé 

I was late in getting home. I will be late getting home  

Wika shna ngi mba 

I slept late/I slept in. 

Wika shna nbya Wika shna nde bya       Wika shna nwi bya   

I’m going to be late I’m late/I’m arriving late I will be late  

Mamey shna nbya Gaga shna nbya  

I’m going to be early I’m going to come soon  

Ni je o éshegnonat /Ni je éshegnot 

Who is that that called/Who called ? 

Ni je éktot? 

What is he/she saying? 

Ni je gaktot?  

What did he/she say? 

Ni je ga mbyégét 

Who wrote? 

Ni je i bostonwen? 

What’s in the mail? 

Bostogas ggi byénayen 

You got a letter 

Bostonwen ggi byénayen 

You got a package 

Ni je temget ne i wabnotakjegen pkonyak? 

What’s on TV tonight? 

Ni je ézhechkéyen pkonyak? Ni je éschegéyen pkonyak  

What are you doing tonight? 

Ni je wa zhechkéygo pkonyak? 
What are we doing tonight? 
 

Gwi zhechkén kego zhena ne pkonyak? 
Are you doing anything tonight? 
Tomorrow Wabek 

Today Ngom 

Day after tomorrow Weswabek 

Ni pi je ne ni nmkesnen?  Ndo mkesnen 

Where are my shoes, boots ? 

Coat Nbiskewagen 

Hat Ndeswiwkwan 

Keys Nshkapke’genen 

Ggi wton ne shkwadémek gbiskewagen?    

Did you put your coat away? 

Hat Gdeswiwkwan 

Cap Gwiwkwan 

Keys Gshkapke’egen(en) 

Ni pi je ga toyen i?  Where did you put it? 

Byédweshen i shegnonajegéwen 

Bring me the phone 

Bostonwen Mail 

            Mnekwéwen Drink 

Anet gapi Some coffee 

Anet wisnewen Some food 

Ggi zibyéngé ne?  GZI – scrub/wash   ZIBI  

Did you do the laundry? 

Ggi zibyédon ne i nbiskewagen? 

Did you wash my shirt? 

Pants Gbediyen 

Socks Ngokmedasnen 

Ni pi je ga wje toyen ndo gokmedasnen 

Where did you put my socks ? 

Keys Nshkapke’gnen 

Shoes Nmkesnen 

Zagech byéton i zigwébnegnen 

Take the garbage out. 

Zagech nwi byédon i zigwébnegnen 

I’m taking the garbage out 

Mbiwéyan ni gtegéwnen   

I’m watering the plants 

Nshema o nemosh 

I’m feeding the dog 

Nde shema o mbibis 

I’m feeding the baby 

Migwéch se node waskonedonen 

Thank you for the flowers 

Migwéch se wa je shemgoyak shemgoyan  

Thanks for feeding us feeding me  

Migwéch se i mijem 

Thanks for dinner 

Migwéch se i ga wje zhechkéyen 

Thanks for doing that  

Migwéch se i ga wje zhechkéshen 

Thanks for doing that for me 

Neshka je pi 

Time to get up 

Ge maji pi 

Time to leave/go 

Mba je pi 

Time to go to sleep 

Ge wisne pi 

Time to eat 

Ézhiwton ni gbiskemwenen 

Put your clothes away 

Ézhiwton ni gchikazwenen 

Put your toys away 

Ézhiwton ni gwnagnen 

Put your dishes away 

Nwi o wabma mshkekiwnene   nwi zhya odanés 

I’m going to see the doctor 

Dentist Wibtawnene 

Mall Odanés 

Library msenegewgemek 

Nwi zhya ngyéyom édat 

I’m going to my mother’s home. (where my mother lives) 

Nwi zhya n’osen édat 

I’m going to my father’s home (where my father lives) 

Émbwach’ewéwat nde penojéyek 

My children are visiting 

Émbwach’ewéwat nde nosemések 

My grandchildren are visiting 

Nasena!  Éspeki!   

Watch out!  A spider!   

Nasena!  Amo!   

Watch out!  A bee!  

Wgi zgebge a shen 

It bit/stung me! 

Ngi kites égi zgebge a ot o amo 

It was sore where the bee stung me 

Nyézanzik jayék gode mnedoshések 

These insects are all dangerous/powerful. 

Nwi odanké wabek égishpnedoyan/éshketoyan anet ode nChristmas mingaswenen 

I will shop tomorrow and buy/do some of my Christmas gifts. 

Énénmego se Merry Christmas mine émno wépomgék 

We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year 

Ni je i myagzewen? 

What’s that smell? 

Ndengatoshen I shonyas 

I’m wasting what little money I have 

Chicago ngi zhya jo Milwaukee ngi zhya si 

I went to Chicago but not Milwaukee 

Ruby ngi byena jo je Linda 

I brought Ruby but not Linda 

Njim wi byewak ni je nwi maji 

Jim is coming but I am leaving 

Wi byewak nwi maji je 

He is coming but I am going 

Rocky wi bye jo je nin 

Rocky is coming but I am not 

Jo Carla ngi bye na si Dolores ngi bye na  

I didn’t bring Carla, I brought Dolores 

Jo Ed gi bye si shote Kevin gi bya ma shna 

Ed didn’t come here, but Kevin came though 

Mike wi byewak Holly je nwi maji 

Mike is coming but Holly will leave 

Gkadze o Don nesh je mno zhewebze 

Don is rich but he is good 

Wdo dabyane pene je wi bmose 

He has a car but he walks everywhere 

Jo abje mbwakasi wewene shede’a 

He isn’t very clever but he has common sense 

Bwaka o gigabe jo wi mjig we genet 

That boy is clever but not stubborn 

Bob ngi bye na jo wi nleon 

I brought Bob, not Leon 

Nwi odankenaben nesh je nmeno she webzesi 

I was going to go to town but I’m not well 

Mbwaka Thomas mjigwe gen je yawe 

Thomas is wise but he is stubborn 

Wshkege mbwaka je wi she 

He is young but wise 

Ruthiye jo wi zhya si nin je wi zhe nwi zhya 

Ruthiye is not going but I am 

Thomas jo wi zhya si nin wi zhe nwi zhya 

Thomas is not going but I am 

Gkadze o nene mno zhe webze 

That man is rich but he is good 

Gkadze o kwe nesh je mno zhewebzet 

That woman is rich but she is good 

Jo wi zhya si nin wi zhya 

He’s not going, I am  

Da zhya Nathan yakwnoge je 

Nathan would come but he’s sick 

Nin se wi zhe ngi zhya 

But I went 

I ma zhe 

It must be! 

Nin ma nde benma o 

I’m (emphasis) the owner 

Nin se nde ket 

I say that! 

Nin ma nde bendan i 

I (emphasis) own that 

Nin ma nde ket 

I’m (emphasis) the one saying it! 

Wepenet si wi I da je zhyat weye gameyek 

It’s easy if somebody wanted to go across 

Nin se wi zhe ngi zhya 

But I went 

Byédon I gdenen ma 

I told you (emphasis) to bring it 

Pene ma bmose wdo dabyane se wi zhe 

She always walks although she has a car 

Most of the little words

Most used words in Bodwe’wadmimwen

Tenses

Wi                                    future (will or want to)

Ke/ge                               future (not as strong)

Ta/da                               future (can, should, could)

Ki/gi                                 past (have or did)

Ki/gi gish                         past already

Wa                                   future (subordinate form)

Ga                                    past (subordinate form)

Da gi                                should have

Particles, by category.

Negative

Jo                                     no, not

Jo wi                                not (emphatic)

Jo mamda                       not possible

Jo wika                            never

Jo weye                            no one

Jo gégo                            nothing, zero

Jo mshe                           not yet

Jo ngoji                           nowhere

Gégo                                don’t

Affirmative

Éhé                                  yes (northern)

Konegé                            yes (southern)

Adverbial

Mégwa                             still

Mojma                             irregardless, anyway

Mamkach                        have to

Gimoch                            secretly

Néyap                              back, same

Nanbén                            too late

Nawech                            at the same time

Gégpi                               finally, at last

Ayapen                            the same

Abje                                 very

Abdég                              have to, be necessary that

Neko                                used to

Iw yédeg                          must be

Gnebej                             maybe

Bama                               later, wait

Bama pi                           later

Débnag                            carelessly

Égaj                                 take it easy, slow down

Éshkem                           harder. more intense

Gaga                                almost, soon

Gawa                               hardly, scarcely

Gnewésh                          for a long time

Kyénep                            hurry up, go quickly

Nangodgen                      sometimes, once in awhile

Pi                                      unit of time

Mamkaj                           have to

Mamey                            early, soon

Mano                               let him/her, anyway, its all right                              

Locative

Ibe                                    there

Ézhi                                 over there

Shote                                here

Bijbyék                            in the water

Bijigwan                          inside something

Giwta yégwan                 around something

Jigakwa                           at the edge of the woods

Jigatek                             by trees

Jigbyék                            by the water, on shore

Kwedbyék                       on the water

Kwejbyék                        on top of the water

Nambyék                         under the water

Namkemek                      under the ground

Namsek                           in the basement, under the floor

Nanaw yégwan               in the middle of it

Nbené yégwan                on one side of something

Nekmek                           everywhere, different places

Ngoji                                anywhere, somewhere

Pemé yégwan                  on the side of something

Shkwé yégwan                at the end, the last

Shpemek                         above, in the air. Heaven

Shpemsegok                    somewhere up above

Zagje yégwan                  outside of it

Zhiw, zhi                         there

Nominal

Bbon, pon                       year

Pronominal

Dwe                                  kind, sort

Gégo                                something, anything (inanimate)

Jak gégo                          everything

Jo gégo                            none, nothing (inanimate)

Jo weye                            no one, nobody

Mje gégo                          trouble, bad thing

Weye                                someone, somebody, something (animate)

Wégwdegwén                  whatever, I wonder what (inanimate dubitative)

Wégwdegwéndek           whatever, I wonder what (inanimate dubitative)

Wégwén                           whoever, someone, something (animate interrogative)

Temporal

Bbonog, ponog               last winter

Dgwagog                         last fall

Égme-bbon, égme-pon   every winter

Égme-gishek                   every day

Égme-niben                    every summer

Égme-waben                   every morning, every dawn

Gaggé                              forever. implying eternal

Gizes                                month

Keshéb                            early in the morning

Kewé                                first

Shkweyégwan                 last

Directional

Aizhok                             back and forth

Aidwegmeg                     on both sides of the house

Aidwe-yégwan                on both sides

Azhwe-yégwan                on the other side, beyond

Azhokne                          across the road

Azhodaki, azhodakig     over the hill

Azhogmeg                       behind the house

Azho-odan                      across town

Azhwekwe                       beyond the woods

Azhegamdés                    on the other side of the room

Azhweseg                        in the next room

Béshoj                              close

Bijigwan                          inside of something

Bideg                               indoors

Bke-yégwan                    off to the side

Bnoj                                 far away

Gojeg                               outdoors

Jigateg                             by trees

Jiggemeg                         near a house or lodge

Jigigwan                          near here

Jig-mbes                          next to the lake

Jig-myéw                         next to the road

Jig-odaneg                      near town

Jig-shkwedé                    by the fire

Jig-zibe                            next to the river

Kwédagon                       on top of the snow

Kwédajwen                     upstream

Kwedaki                          uphill

Kwédbeg                         on the roof

Kwédbyég or kwéjbyég on the water

Kwéjgemeg or kwédgemeg      on top of a house

Kwéjigwan                      on top

Mchig                              in the open, on the ground

Adjectival

Énwég                              better

Anwe                               all right, okay

anasab, nasab                 the same

Ashteg                             next, in turn

Babkan                            all different

Bkan                                different

Nsheké                             alone

Wzam                              too much

Nwéch                              more

Weshmé                           more

Neshna                            any old way

Dédénewé                        of ones’ own, in a close relationship

Géte                                 surely

Quantifiers

Anet                                 some or part

Mine anet                        some more

Mine ngot                        another

Mjésh                               many, a lot

Ne ish                              both

Ayanet                             some of each

Jag, jak                            all

Jayég                               all

Abte                                 half

Bgéji                                a little

Jag gégo                          all, everything

Jag weye                          everyone

Mamwé                            together, in all, in total

Dso                                   a certain number, a certain amount, so many, so much

Measurement

Dbégas                             an inch

Dbégen                            hour, yard, mile, a large measurement

Abte                                 half

Abtoshkas                       twenty five pound bag

Abtoshken                       fifty pound bag

Gishkbojgen                   bushel

Ngot-gishkbojgen           one bushel

Modey                             gallon

Ngodokek                        one painful

Ngodoshkas                    one little sackful

Ngodoshken                    one sack, one sackful

Ngodwabyék                   one piece

Ngodwadswabyék          six pieces

Ngodwéwan                    one pair, one set

Ngod dégas                     one minute

Ngod dbégen                   one mile

Ngod gizes                       one month

Ngod kiwés                     one acre

Ngod kwénamwas          one second

Ngod nemégizhek           one week

Ngod zet                          one foot

Nswabyék                        three pieces

Nizhwéwan                     two pairs, two sets

Nsek                                 three times

Nyanek                            five times

Nyano bbon                    five years

Nyano dbégas                 five minutes

Nyano dbégen                 five hours

Nyano gizes                     five months

Nyano kwénamwasek    five seconds

Nyano nemégizhek         five weeks

Nyanogwen                     five days

Nyanwabyék                   five pieces

Nye’w dbégen                 four hours

Nye’wabyék                    four pieces

Nyéwek                            four times

Nyéwgon                         four days

Numerical

Éko-nisheg                      the second

Politeness

I gwien, I gwshe gwiyen thank you (southern)

Migwéch                          thank you (northern)

Mojma                             please

Gazha                              please

Wéwéne                           thank you, it is right, proper

Indefinite

Weye                                someone

Gégo                                something

Ngoji                                someplace

Interrogative

Ne                                     (indicates a yes/no question)

Wéni je                            who

Wéni                                who?

Wégni je                          what

Wégni                              what?

Ni je                                 how—-why

Ni je na                            how are you

Ni pi je                             where, where?

Ni pi                                 where?

Ni je wpi/ni jo pi             when, when?

Ni wpi                              when?

Ni je wi                            why, why?

Ni je dso                          how much, how many?

Wa?                                 Huh?, what?

Predicative

Se (se wi, se wi zhe)                 

Iw pi                                that’s when

Iw dso                              that’s how much

Yé                                     that’s it (used with iw, niw, etc., for example,

                                         I ye’ I, “that’s it!”)

Discourse

Migwéch                          thanks (Northern)

Wéwéne                           thanks (Southern, Pokagon Band)

Bozho                              hello (accompanied by a handshake)

Ahaw                               okay (in agreement)

Na                                    emphatic

Zhena                              emphatic

Zhe                                  emphatic

Gwshe                              emphatic (possibly means “obviously”)

Iw je                                 and then

Wi                                    empahtic

Conjunctions

Mine                                and

Je                                     but, and

Iw je                                 and then

Gé                                    too, also

Je wi zhe                          but

Wi zhe                             but

Anaké                              either, or

Gishpen                           if

Ma                                   but

Ma wi                              but (ma used with emphatic wi)

Interjections

Haw, hau                         well, so

Ahaw, ahau                     okay, (in agreement)

Hé                                    hey, so!

Iyo                                    hey! Ouch!

Kwansegkemeg               terrible! (women use) amazing, surprising

Mamkadkemeg               terrible! (women use) amazing, surprising

Téya, wa téya                  my gosh! (men use)

Other

Bégesh, bégesh na          wish that

Iw je pi                            then

Bgosénjegé                      hope for

Dodaské                          beseech, ask with great imploring

Verbs of saying

Verbs of saying

Kedot   (ai)  say

Yajmod (ai)  tell

Yajdot  (ti)  tell of s.t. to s.o.

Widmat  (ta)  tell s.t.s.o.

Wawidmat   (ta)  promise s.o. s.t.

Natewat   (ta) ask s.o.s.t.

Verbs of belief

Debwetek   (ai)  believe

Debwetagwzet  (ti) sounds believable h/s does

Debwewendek  (ti)  believe in s.t.

Debwewenmat   (ta)  believe in s.o.

Nendek   (ai)  think a certain way

Nendek   (ti)  think a certain way of s.t.

Nendan (ti) think of something

Nenma  (ta) think of s.o.

Nenmat  (ta)  think a certain way of s.o.

Verbs of doubt

Yawneyendek  (ai)  not believe 

Yagwneyendek  (ti)  not believe of s.t.

Yagwneyenmat  (ta)  not believe of s.o.

Verbs of pretending

Zhewebzikazot   (ai)  pretend to be thus

Wyezh’at  (ai)  fool

Wyezhmat  (ta)  fool s.o.  (into thinking)

Verbs of emotion

Gisadendek   (ai)  be sorry

*Gisadendek  (ti)  be sorry about s.t.

Gisadenmat  (ta)  be sorry about s.o.

Myanendek  (ai)  be sad

Myanendek  (ti)  be sad about s.t.

Myanenmat  (ta)  be sad about s.o.

*Mnewendek  (ai) be glad

*Mnewendek   (ti)  be glad about s.t.

Mnewenmat   (ta)  be glad about s.o.

Gshkonwezet   (ai)  be surprised

Gshkonwendek  (ti)  be surprised at s.t.

Gshkonwenmat  (ta)  be surprised at s.o.

Nshkadzet  (ai)  be angry

Nshkadendek  (ai)  be angry

Nshkadendek   (ti) be angry about s.t

Nshkadenmat   (ta)  be angry about s.o.

Verbs of knowing

Gkendek  (ti)  know s.t.

Gkenmat  (ta) know s.o.

Mkek  (ti)  discover s.t.

Mkewat  (ta) discover s.t.

Minawendek   (ai)  realize

Minawendek  (ti)  realize s.t.

Minawenmat  (ta)  realize of s.o.

Mikwendek  (ai) find out

Mikwendek  (ti) find out about s.t.

Mikwendemat (ta)  find out about s.o.

Wnendek  (ai)  forget

Wnendek  (ti) forget s.t.

Wnenmat  (ta)  forget s.o.

Napwek  (ai)  dream

Napwedek (ti) dream of s.t.

Napwanat  (ta) dream of s.o.

Nabjeget  (ai)  see things

Nabdek  (ti)  see s.t.

Nabmat  (ta)  see s.o.

Nodaget  (ai)  hear things

Nodek  (ti)  hear s.t.

Nodwat  (ta)  hear s.o.

Verbs of fearing

Gwtek  (ti)  fear, be afraid of s.t.

Gwsat  (ta)  fear, be afraid of s.o.

*Wdetendek  (ti)  worry about s.t.

Wdetenmat  (ta)  worry about s.o.

Nagazet   (ai)  be anxious

Verbs of desiring

Ndewendek  (ai)  desire, want

Ndewendek  (ti)  desire, want s.t.

Ndewenmat   (ta)  desire, want s.o.

Verbs of manipulation

Wikwzomat  (ta)  persuade s.o.

Yanme’at  (ta)  threaten s.o.

Widmewat  (ta)  tell s.o. to do s.t.

Bgednat  (ta)  let s.o. do s.t., allow

Ndojget  (ai)  request things, ask

Verbs of ability/achievement

Gshketot   (ti)  be able to do s.t.

Gshke’at  (ta)  be able to do s.t., with respect to s.o.

Verbs of avoidance/failure

Zhagwenmot  (ai)  avoid doing s.t.

Yanwewzet  (ai)  fail to do s.t.

Verbs of perception

Wabdek  (ti)  see s.t.

Wabmat  (ta)  see s.o.

Wawabdek  (ti)  watch s.t.

Wawabmat  (ta) watch s.o.

Nodek  (ti) hear s.t.

Nodwat  (ta)  hear s.o.

Mosh’ek  (ti)  feel s.t.

Mosh’at  (ta)  feel s.o.

There are many more verbs of this type…..we are only examining a few of the listed ones to become familiar with them….

On learning a language

One cannot learn a language by simply using a dictionary but must use other words and affixes, along with tense markers, etc., to learn how to use phrases. Here is a sample of what to do. I shall post other things in here each week, as there are 12 weeks in all to these lessons.

12 weeks of Activities of Daily Living

OVERVIEW

Week 1:  Waking up.

Pronoun focus:  Nin

Verbs:  Doki, Neshka, Bsegwi, Jibdebe, Madmo

Noun:  Mbagen                           Locative:  Mbagnek

  1.  Verb phrases using assigned verbs
  2. Noun phrases using mbagen
  3. Note:  English is not Potawatomi, we don’t “Make our bed” in Potawatomi.
    1. Zheto vs. Mneschege
  4. Numbers 1-12 – What time did you wake up?

Week 2:  Wash up.

Pronoun focus:  Nin and Gin

Verbs:  Gsinjin, Bkezo, Gziyabdé, Mbiwe

Nouns:  wash cloth, toothbrush                         Locative:  Eje Gzinjik

  1.  Verb phrases using assigned verbs
  2. Simple yes/no questions using “ne” with Gin verbs
  3. Potawatomi is not English, we don’t have a sink, we go to the place we wash our hands. 
  4. Potawatomi is not English, many adjectives like Mbiwe are verbs in Potawatomi.

Week 3:  Get Dressed

Pronoun focus:  Nin and Gin

Verbs:  Biskem, Bisken, Biskonye, Gisken, Giskonye

Idioms:  Bidkesnen, Bijdasen

Nouns:  biskewagen, biskemwenen, mjegode, gbediyen, gokmedasen, mkesnen, wiwkwan

  1. Verb phrases about dressing, wearing, getting dressed
  2. Ni pi je etemget
  3. Mine and your

Week 4:  Eat Breakfast

Pronoun Focus:  Nin, Gin, Win

Verbs:  Wisne, Zaskokwana/dan, gisen/wa

Nouns:  wawnon, negshisen, kesanen, mkedewabo, gapi, ti, washkpek, nonagnabo, penyek

  1. Phrases using verbs, using me, you, and he/she
  2. Explanation of animate and inanimate and why different verbs are used for different things.

Week 5 and 6:  Go to Work, Go to School

Week 5:  Go to Work

Pronoun Focus:  Nin, Gin, Win, Winwa

Verbs:  Zhya, Maji, Wzhita, Mikjewi, Anoki, Wenkwenge, Bose

Time Words:  gBegishek, Egmegishek, ngom, wabek, wnago, Wika, mami, bama

  1.  Phrases on coming and going , driving and riding
  2. Work phrases
  3. Time phrases

Week 6:  Go to School

Pronoun Focus: Nin, Gin, Win, Ginwa

Verbs:  Skono, zhya, bya, maji, wzhita, kendan, kendem, bsedon/wa

Adverbs:  Neyap, Debnak, Sneget, Abdek, Mamkach

  1. Phrases on coming and going, listening, learning
  2. Using adverbs like difficult, carelessly, also expressing “have to”
  3. Difference between you and y’all

Week 7:  Getting Home

Pronoun Focus:  Ninan and Ginan

Verbs:  Giwe, Zhadge, bya, nweshmo, zhechke, zhewebze/zhewebek

Idioms: Gijdasen, Gidkesen

  1. Ni je ga je zhechkeyek ngom?
  2. Ni je ga zhewebek ngom/ni je ga zhewebsiyen ngom?  Ni je ga je zhikasyen?
  3. Answering those questions in we forms

Week 8:  Eating Dinner

Pronoun Focus:  All 7

Verbs:  zeschegen, Mijen, Mwa, Table gestures

Nouns:  Common Foods

  1. Whats for dinner
  2. Table Gestures

Week 9:  Clean up

Pronoun Focus:  All 7

Verbs:  Binjege, Bindon, Gzi-, Mneschege, zigwebdan, zagejepton

Nouns:  Table vocabulary

Idioms:  Using Potawatomi thought instead of English thought

  1. Clean off the table
  2. Do the dishes
  3. Take the trash out, maybe sweep or mop floor

Week 10: Entertainment, Homework

Pronoun Focus:  All 7

Verbs:  Wawidan, Gedaso, mbwach’ewe, kewabdan wabdan,

  1. Reading, writing, arithmetic
  2. Watching tv
  3. Visiting with each other
  4. Check the mail

Week 11:  Monkey Business

Pronoun Focus:  all 7

Verbs:  Ndakmetem, yaknoge, madmo,

Nouns:  body parts, common ailments

  1.  My ______________ hurts
  2. First aid
  3. Preventive maintenance

Week 12:  Go to bed

Verbs:  weshen, mba

Nouns:  blankets, clothes

  1. Wi ne mban – why “ne mban”
  2. -shen for laying down vs. -shen for table gestures
  3. Let’s wind this down.

WEEK 1: Wake up! 

Pronoun focus:  Nin

Verbs:  Doki, Neshka, Bsegwi, Jibdebe, Madmo

Noun:  Mbagen                   Locative:  Mbagnek

  1. Verb phrases using assigned verbs – 8 minutes
    1. Ngi doki
    1. Ngi neshkan
    1. Nwi doki
    1. Nwi neshkan
    1. Nwi bsegwi
    1. Ngi bsegwi
    1. Netem nwi madmo
    1. Shote nde jibdeb
  2. Noun phrases using mbagen – 6 minutes
    1. Ode se mbagen
    1. Mbagen yawen
    1. Mbagnek nde jibdep
  3. Note:  English is not Potawatomi, we don’t “Make our bed” in Potawatomi.   – 4 minutes
    1. Zheto vs. Mneschege
    1. Nwi o mneschegen i mbagen
    1. Ngi mneschege
    1. Ode ngi wzheton
  4. Numbers 1-12 – What time is it?  – 12 minutes
    1. Ngot, nish, nswe
    1. Ni je tso yawek
    1. Dbegenek
    1. Ngotwatso dbegenek ngi doki

A simple dictionary

abesi, oyster, SOURCE: Ruby

abesiyuk, oysters, SOURCE: Jim

agmose’, snowshoe (action), SOURCE: Daniels

agnomake’t, taught, SOURCE: Martha

agnomaksajuk, class/students, SOURCE: Martha

ago, that over there (far), SOURCE: Daniels

ago, porcupine, SOURCE: Martha

agoyuk, two or more porcupines, SOURCE: Martha

ahaw, alright/okay/yes, SOURCE: Ruby/Martha

ahaw kodme’min, Now we can smoke, SOURCE: Martha

ahaw nIkan, hello my friend, SOURCE: Ike

ake’te’ngat, braids, SOURCE: Martha

amdajiwotgajawecetwat, anniversary celebration, SOURCE: Martha

amo, bee/honey, SOURCE: Martha

amoyuk, bees, SOURCE: Jim

anak, maybe, SOURCE: Ruby

ane’mot, breathe, SOURCE: Martha

anwe’, at least, SOURCE: Jim

anwe’ zhena, fine/okay/doing just fine, SOURCE: Jim

anwe’we’ksit, sound of that voice, SOURCE: Martha

ayoptapok, new year, SOURCE: Martha

apkwe’owe’yuk, smoked meat (ham/bacon/etc.), SOURCE: Martha

apte’, half, SOURCE: Jim

aptozi, halfbreed, SOURCE: Jim

ashktamo, watermelon , SOURCE: Martha

aspeke’ e’e’buk, spider , SOURCE: Martha

ayazhe’ni, angel (formal word), SOURCE: Ruby

Azhe’n, Angel (proper name), SOURCE: Ruby

azhe’ni, angel, SOURCE: Ruby

azhgen, bridge, SOURCE: Martha

azhi, over there, SOURCE: Jim

azhnik, angels, SOURCE: Ruby


b

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ba ndanaben, that’s what I said (about him), SOURCE: Martha

bagIn, bed, SOURCE: Maynard

bagInen, beds, SOURCE: Jim

bakweshmo, lie one’s head on something, SOURCE: Jim

bakweshmowen, pillow, SOURCE: Ruby

bakweshmowenen, pillows, SOURCE: Jim

bakwiyangumuk, tent, SOURCE: Ruby

baskeke’teken, clothes, SOURCE: Ruby

basksegas, small gun, SOURCE: Martha

bekshaksen, be empty, SOURCE: Ruby

beshkmenuk, gooseberries, SOURCE: Ruby

beshkmwi, lion, SOURCE: Ruby

beshkno, bald eagle, SOURCE: Ruby

beskesi, goose, SOURCE: Ruby, also kuskusi

beskesiyuk, geese, SOURCE: Ruby

bibis, baby, SOURCE: Maynard

bibisuk, babies, SOURCE: Jim

bidge’, enter/go in, SOURCE: Daniels

bidge’n, go in!, SOURCE: Jim

biduk, inside, SOURCE: Daniels

bisken, put on/don, SOURCE: Jim

bIskonye, get dressed (don clothing), SOURCE: Daniels

biskowaken, coat, SOURCE: Ruby

bismegnuk, long bone beads, SOURCE: Martha

bistabyan, sled, SOURCE: Ruby

bitashkeken, underwear, SOURCE: Ruby

biwabuk, iron (steel), SOURCE: Ruby

bkamsaken, axe, SOURCE: Ruby

bkan, nut, SOURCE: Ruby

bkanes, small nut, SOURCE: Ruby

bkanesen, peanuts/small nuts, SOURCE: Ruby

bke’ji, small amount, SOURCE: Ruby

bkeckas, hammer, SOURCE: Ruby

bkezo, bath, SOURCE: Ruby

bkezot, bathe, SOURCE: Jim

bkonyak, in the evening, SOURCE: Daniels

bkweshkas, cracker (little bread), SOURCE: Jim

bkweshkasIn, crackers, SOURCE: Maynard

bkweshkIn, bread, SOURCE: Jim

bmebto, run (by), SOURCE: Daniels

bmose’, walk, SOURCE: Ruby

Bode’wadmi, Potawatomi, SOURCE: Ruby

bode’wadmi ndaw, I’m a Potawatomi, SOURCE: Martha

bode’wadmimo, speak Potawatomi, SOURCE: Daniels

Bode’wadmiyuk, Potawatomis, SOURCE: Ruby

bodwe’, build a fire, SOURCE: Daniels

bodwe’m, they build a fire, SOURCE: Ike

bodwe’n, make the fire, SOURCE: Ike

bokshke’, broken, SOURCE: Ruby

bozho nikan, hello my friend, SOURCE: Martha

bozho, hello/shake hands, SOURCE: Ruby

bukte’, be hungry, SOURCE: Ruby

bukte’ manIn, I am hungry, SOURCE: Martha

bwickon, wait, SOURCE: Ruby

bya, he/she/it comes, SOURCE: Ruby

byak, they come, SOURCE: Ruby

byan, come here!, SOURCE: Ike

byan shote’, come here (now!), SOURCE: Martha

byawgumuk, hotel, SOURCE: Ruby

bye’bItke’n, come (in), SOURCE: Martha

bye’ton, bring, SOURCE: Martha

byege’, write, SOURCE: Jim

bzugwIn, get up (out of bed), SOURCE: Martha


c

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Cake’go gagizhtot, Creator (he made everything), SOURCE: Maynard

cake’go, everything, SOURCE: Ruby

cakte’, burn, SOURCE: Martha

ceje’je’gIt, startled, SOURCE: Jim

cekote’wIn, dressing (stuffing), SOURCE: Ruby

cibabemukik, cemetary, SOURCE: Martha

cibe’, body, SOURCE: Martha

cibe’kmuk, grave (body house), SOURCE: Martha

cibe’nInwukajeyawat, happy hunting ground, SOURCE: Martha

cIcak, crane, SOURCE: Ruby

CIcakkises, March/Month of crane, SOURCE: Martha

cigwe’, thunderbird, SOURCE: Ruby

cigwe’k, thunderbirds, SOURCE: Ruby

cikaso, play, SOURCE: Ruby

cikbakweken, shovel, SOURCE: Ruby

cikskotmosi, cricket, SOURCE: Ruby

ciman, canoe/boat, SOURCE: Ruby/Martha

ciptub, sit, SOURCE: Ruby

ciptubIn, sit down, SOURCE: Martha

ciptubwIn, chair, SOURCE: Martha

cItmowuk, ground squirrel, SOURCE: Martha

cmokman, white man, SOURCE: Ruby/Martha

cmokmankwe’, white woman, SOURCE: Martha

cmokmanmowen, English language, SOURCE: Ruby

cmokmanuk, white men, SOURCE: Ruby

co, no, SOURCE: Ruby

co mbukte’si, no I’m not hungry, SOURCE: Martha

cokshaweshe’ke’go, care, SOURCE: Martha

comamda e’zhawe’psiyan, I can’t help being the way I am, SOURCE: Martha

comamda nye’kwIs, I can’t too tired, SOURCE: Martha

cozhage’go, nothing at all, SOURCE: Jim

cozhe’, nothing, SOURCE: Jim

cozhe’ gi gikto o nIne’, the man said no, SOURCE: Martha

cozhe’n ke’ndesin, I don’t know that, SOURCE: Martha

cozhe’na, negative response, SOURCE: Jim

cozhena anwe’, there are none (response to query), SOURCE: Jim


d

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dabukte’yan, I’m hungry, SOURCE: Jim

dabyecko, drive, SOURCE: Jim

daknItum, hurt, SOURCE: Jim

damikce’wi, I’m working, SOURCE: Jim

damikce’wimIn, we’re working, SOURCE: Jim

damikce’wiwat, they’re working, SOURCE: Jim

danse’, daughter, SOURCE: Jim

danubye’ge’, you are writing, SOURCE: Martha

dashonatkumgIs mazhena, I’m really making a mess of things, SOURCE: Jim

dawawgumgok, at the store, SOURCE: Daniels

dawawgumuk, store, SOURCE: Ruby

dawawnIne, storekeeper, SOURCE: Daniels

dawawnInwuk, storekeepers, SOURCE: Ruby

de’bwe’, tell the truth, SOURCE: Daniels

de’bwe’wak, they are right, SOURCE: Martha

de’bwe’wIn, truth, SOURCE: Jim

de’ish, my dog, SOURCE: Martha

de’psInye’, full (not hungry), SOURCE: Ruby

de’sostum, cough, SOURCE: Martha

de’we’gas, small drum, SOURCE: Martha

de’we’gIn, drum, SOURCE: Martha

de’we’gIne’tuk, drum stick, SOURCE: Martha

dendawabdan, look for, SOURCE: Martha

dendawabdan, seek, SOURCE: Martha

dewe’ma, my brother, SOURCE: Martha

dIneym, my husband, SOURCE: Ike

dizhye’wIn, custom/the way things are done, SOURCE: Martha

dizhyewiwIn, that’s the way we do it, SOURCE: Martha

dokum, be quiet, SOURCE: Jim

dopwagIn, my pipe, SOURCE: Martha

dukyanuk, farm animals, SOURCE: Martha

dup, head, SOURCE: Martha


e

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e’:he’, yes, SOURCE: Ruby

e’be’bashuk, down to water, SOURCE: Martha

e’bkite’wat, starving (nothing to eat), SOURCE: Martha

e’bmabozIt, riding in, SOURCE: Jim

e’bmose’wat, they are walking, SOURCE: Martha

e’camotmowot, sanctuary, SOURCE: Martha

ecuksinjak, wash basin, SOURCE: Ruby

e’gac, easy/take it easy/go slow, SOURCE: Maynard

e’giktot, said, SOURCE: Martha

e’jamene’, than, SOURCE: Martha

e’jawaswIt, it is lean/no fat on it, SOURCE: Martha

e’jawinawIt, fat part or tallow , SOURCE: Martha

e’jiyawuk, that’s the way things are, SOURCE: Ruby

e’jnibwawat, wedding, SOURCE: Martha

e’kadangete’kcepsowin, woven beaded belt , SOURCE: Martha

e’ke’nduke’, he knows something, SOURCE: Martha

e’ke’nduke’go, wise, SOURCE: Martha

e’kenomake’t, lesson, SOURCE: Martha

e’ksInya, during the cold, SOURCE: Martha

e’mansisIt, ashamed, SOURCE: Martha

e’mbat, sleep , SOURCE: Martha

emboweg, he died, SOURCE: Ike

e’me’nsisIt, sew, SOURCE: Martha

e’mikwe’t, give, SOURCE: Martha

e’mishnasuk, moldy, SOURCE: Martha

e’mkwan, ladle, SOURCE: Martha

e’mkwanes, spoon, SOURCE: Martha

E’mnokmuk, summer (season), SOURCE: Martha

E’mnokmukkises, August/Month of the middle of the ?, SOURCE: Martha

e’mtakshiyot , naked/bare, SOURCE: Martha

e’nabonyawuk, fades/ceases to exist, SOURCE: Martha

e’nciwanmotgacnege’t, happy birthday, SOURCE: Martha

e’nsIstuk, understand, SOURCE: Martha

e’oce’kyasot, joy, SOURCE: Martha

e’pkishmok, sunset, SOURCE: Martha

e’pkonyak, night time, SOURCE: Martha

E’pok, winter (season), SOURCE: Martha

e’pukwagot tabyan, covered buggy , SOURCE: Martha

e’pukwazot, cover, SOURCE: Martha

e’shegtukwok, the ground is freezing, SOURCE: Martha

eshkbak, green, SOURCE: Jim

e’shkukinIsnage , medicine man/doctor, SOURCE: Martha

e’shobuk, cabbage, SOURCE: Martha

e’shtukmegweyagun, striped face shoes or old work shoes, SOURCE: Lorenzo

e’skonowe’t, school teacher, SOURCE: Daniels

E’sksegtukkisIs, October/Month of the first frost, SOURCE: Martha

E’skumnokmuk, spring (season), SOURCE: Martha

e’spIn, raccoon, SOURCE: Martha

e’spInuk, raccoons, SOURCE: Martha

e’tkwagnIshyagoIn, In the fall season, SOURCE: Martha

e’tkwagouk, fall, SOURCE: Martha

e’tokmite’k, peace, SOURCE: Martha

e’tot , have, SOURCE: Martha

e’waptuk, beheld , SOURCE: Martha

e’we’sabuk, dawning, SOURCE: Martha

e’weke’ndman, learn, SOURCE: Martha

e’wetode’nuk, wisdom/He knows it himself, SOURCE: Martha

ewikweyak, corner, SOURCE: Ruby

e’yawuk, so/be, SOURCE: Martha

e’zhi, there, SOURCE: Jim


g

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gagizhtot, he made, SOURCE: Ruby

gbukte’ne’, are you hungry?, SOURCE: Martha

gdeyaknoge’ ne’, Are you sick?, SOURCE: Martha

ge’shknubagwe’, thirsty, SOURCE: Daniels

gi, those (not close), SOURCE: Daniels

gi gigyagoyuk, those girls, SOURCE: Daniels

gIcnIkan, good friend, SOURCE: Martha

gide’psInye’ ne’, did you get enough to eat?, SOURCE: Martha

gigabe’, boy, SOURCE: Ruby

gigdawgumgok, at the council hall, SOURCE: Daniels

gigos, fish, SOURCE: Martha

gigosuk, fishes, SOURCE: Martha

gigyago, girl, SOURCE: Ike

gigyagosuk, little girls, SOURCE: Ike

gigyagoyuk, girls, SOURCE: Ike

gikama, scolded, SOURCE: Jim

gikipkosh, sleepy, SOURCE: Martha

gikto, talk, SOURCE: Ruby

gim nomba ne’, did you sleep well, SOURCE: Martha

gimezotIs ne’, did you dress up, SOURCE: Martha

gimnobye’k, they all come back good (from battle), SOURCE: Martha

gin, you, SOURCE: JimMartha

ginan, we, SOURCE: Martha

ginan jaye’k kapagiwse’mIn, We will all go hunting, SOURCE: Martha

ginimedin, you dance, SOURCE: Martha

ginina, just like, SOURCE: Martha

gipkInage’, beat (win), SOURCE: Martha

gishkemo, fat (person), SOURCE: Jim

gishwe’muk kshe’mnIto, May the great spirit bless you, SOURCE: Martha

gispuknya, very dark, SOURCE: Ike

gitmakus, I’m poor, SOURCE: Ike

gitmakus etmatsiyan, I’m pityful but I’m living, SOURCE: Ike

gItse’gIs, scared (first person), SOURCE: Jim

gItse’gma, scare, SOURCE: Jim

giwe’, depart/go home, SOURCE: Daniels

giwe’o, going back, SOURCE: Martha

giwse’, hunt, SOURCE: Daniels

giyabwe’, I had a dream, SOURCE: Martha

gizhguk, day, SOURCE: Ruby

gizhInke’zo, capture, SOURCE: Martha

gizhnawkwe’k, afternoon, SOURCE: Daniels

gmikwe’ndan, remember, SOURCE: Martha

gmishomsInan, our grandpa, SOURCE: Martha

gmugnInan, carry, SOURCE: Martha

gnepshkwi, mink, SOURCE: Martha

gokmIson, your granny, SOURCE: Martha

gotakIn, enemy, SOURCE: Martha

gote’, these (close), SOURCE: Daniels

gtami damnen ne’, Do you have corn?, SOURCE: Martha

gumuk, home, SOURCE: Ruby

gwimtotomIn, we’re gonna sweat, SOURCE: Ike

gwIsen, son, SOURCE: Jim

gwiwidoko ne’, do you want to play?, SOURCE: Martha

gye’yen, his mother, SOURCE: Ruby


h

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heni, what? (what did you say?), SOURCE: Jim

ho! pawisnuk, Hey! Come and eat, SOURCE: Martha


i

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i ye’ i, that’s it , SOURCE: Martha

iw, now/finished (a way to end a prayer), SOURCE: Jim

iwgwien, thank you, SOURCE: Martha

iwgwien e’byayIn mshote’ e’dayan, thank you for coming to my home, SOURCE: Martha

iwkshe’ e’zha majigon, It is time to go, SOURCE: Martha

iwkshe’, completed/done/finished, SOURCE: Jim

iwkshiye’tuk, I guess so/It must be so, SOURCE: Jim

iwnIzhe’ an we’, Is that right?, SOURCE: Martha

iwshena, that’s all, SOURCE: Martha

iwzhe anwe’, just fine, SOURCE: Martha


j

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jage nagonan, all my relations, SOURCE: Ike

jajepnowe’, every, SOURCE: Martha

jaye’k, all/all of us together, SOURCE: Jim/Martha

jebye’, come from there, SOURCE: Daniels

jijgen, bloom, SOURCE: Martha

jIshe’, uncle, SOURCE: Ruby/Jim

jishtugen, broom, SOURCE: Ruby


k

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ka’akwa, chicken, SOURCE: Maynard

ka’akwawgumuk, chicken house, SOURCE: Ruby

ka’akwayuk, chickens, SOURCE: Ruby

kagakshi, crow, SOURCE: Ruby

kage’not, cook, SOURCE: Martha

kakaba, brown owl, SOURCE: Martha

kakazawabo, parched corn cereal, SOURCE: Ike/Martha

kanowe’uk, irked, SOURCE: Jim

kashkowen, razor, SOURCE: Ruby

kasibyaken, eraser, SOURCE: Ruby

kaswabo, corn soup, SOURCE: Martha

kate’kwaswen, thimble, SOURCE: Ruby

kate’n, legs, SOURCE: Martha

kate’wkuk, kettle with legs, SOURCE: Martha

kazho, cat, SOURCE: Ruby/Martha

kcakmowen, raining hard, SOURCE: Ruby

kcakwetakane, mountain, SOURCE: Martha

kcaskongumuk, high school, SOURCE: Martha

kcawtan, city, SOURCE: Ruby

kcakmowen, big rain, SOURCE: Ruby

kcakwetak, big hill, SOURCE: Ruby

kcipsowen, belt, SOURCE: Ruby

kcumajin, leave in a hurry/run hard/scat, SOURCE: Ike

kcutabyan, big wagon, SOURCE: Martha

ke’batse’, bad behavior, SOURCE: Ruby

ke’cwa, maybe/similar(ity), SOURCE: Martha/Jim

ke’cwazhinagmowin, it is going to rain, SOURCE: Martha

ke’gneshi, boar hog, SOURCE: Ruby

ke’go, don’t!/stop!, SOURCE: Martha

ke’go kitken, don’t be saying that, SOURCE: Martha

ke’go zhe’na, anything, SOURCE: Jim

ke’nbesIt, fast/speedy, SOURCE: Jim

ke’nbeswat, in a hurry (plural), SOURCE: Jim

ke’nbesyIn, hurry (singular), SOURCE: Jim

ke’ndesi, know something, SOURCE: Jim

ke’nup, hurry, SOURCE: Martha

ke’shne, gelding, SOURCE: Martha

ke’tkage’, chicken hawk, SOURCE: Ruby

ke’tnam, certainly/surely, SOURCE: Jim

ke’tnam nogishkit ngom, Real good day today, SOURCE: Martha

kek, kettle, SOURCE: Daniels

keyaswIn, rather cool, SOURCE: Martha

kige’nogumuk, kitchen, SOURCE: Martha

kik, earth–lots of (area), SOURCE: Martha

kindoma, call, SOURCE: Martha

kipukshIn, he fell down, SOURCE: Martha

kises, sun, SOURCE: Ike

Kishkokwe’, Woman of the day/Day Woman/Lady of the day, SOURCE: Martha

kishkyekas, blouse, SOURCE: Ruby

kisosInagIn, calendar, SOURCE: Martha

KIte’cigwe’, North Thunder (black), SOURCE: Maynard

kIteshko, ain’t it, SOURCE: Martha

kiwadIs, blue (sad), SOURCE: Martha

kiwani, lost, SOURCE: Jim

kiwani, wander away, SOURCE: Jim

Kiwe’nke’, fish clan name, SOURCE: Martha

Kiwe’nmokwe’, Clouds going away, SOURCE: Martha

Kiwe’o, Going back, SOURCE: Martha

kiwjIsh, ground hog, SOURCE: Martha

kiye’kwe’nIne’, preacher, SOURCE: Martha

kizhuk, sky, SOURCE: Martha

kIzhye’p, morning, SOURCE: Ruby

kmada, first lady, SOURCE: Martha

kmoaswIn, slow rain/rainy, SOURCE: Martha

kmode’ ma’oni ka’akwayen nanimwe’, The coyote is stealing the chickens, SOURCE: Martha

Kmonokwe’, Rain woman, SOURCE: Martha

kmowen, rain, SOURCE: Martha

knabIc, maybe, SOURCE: Martha

kno, eagle, SOURCE: Martha

knomigwIn, eagle feather, SOURCE: Ike

knowe’s, little eagle, SOURCE: Martha

kogan, get away, SOURCE: Martha

kogan zhi, get away from there, SOURCE: Martha

koje’s, bean, SOURCE: Maynard

koje’suk, beans, SOURCE: Maynard

kojis, louse, SOURCE: Martha

kojisuk, lice, SOURCE: Martha

kokobe’, cucumber, SOURCE: Ruby

kokoko, owl, SOURCE: Ruby

kokokoyuk, owls, SOURCE: Martha

kokosh, bacon (informal), SOURCE: Ike

kokosh, hog/pig/pork, SOURCE: Martha

kokoshe’s, pig (little), SOURCE: Martha

kokoshuk, pigs, SOURCE: Maynard

kokotni, alligator, SOURCE: Martha

koman, knife, SOURCE: Martha

konage’, yes, SOURCE: Martha

KonkiwIn, Snow on the ground, SOURCE: Martha

konyamgIt, It’s night, SOURCE: Maynard

kotaken, throat, SOURCE: Ruby

kotawyapye’sko, ring around the moon, SOURCE: Martha

kotkakwan, chain, SOURCE: Martha

kowabmago, he’s looking at you, SOURCE: Martha

kowabtan, let’s see, SOURCE: Martha

kowe’wen, flag, SOURCE: Ruby

kowe’zi, old man, SOURCE: Lu

kowe’ziyuk, old men, SOURCE: Lu

koyake’, grandma, SOURCE: Martha

koye’, grandmother, SOURCE: Ruby

koye’non, our grandma, SOURCE: Martha

kpoti, pants, SOURCE: Martha

ksago, ape, SOURCE: Ruby

ksenjan, wash, SOURCE: Martha

kshe’ke’, runs fast, SOURCE: Ruby

kshe’ke’wak, he runs fast, SOURCE: Martha

kshe’mnIto, Great Spirit/God/good spirit, SOURCE: Martha/Jim

kshe’mnito kapma yawok pama mine’ waje’wapte’kon, God be with you until we see one another again, SOURCE: Martha

ksheptowak, horse running fast, SOURCE: Lorenzo

kshime’, younger sibling, SOURCE: Ruby

kshimen, apple, SOURCE: Ruby

kshimnuk, apples, SOURCE: Ruby

kshiwe’, bull/male buffalo, SOURCE: Martha

kshumes, niece of male, SOURCE: Ruby

ksikbocken, saw (tool), SOURCE: Ruby

ksInya, cold (temperature)/cold weather, SOURCE: Lorenzo

ksInyamgIt, It is cold , SOURCE: Martha/Maynard

ksInyasagIc, It is cold outside, SOURCE: Martha

ksInyasagIt sabIc, It is cold outside, SOURCE: Maynard

ksugno, heavy (burden), SOURCE: Ruby

ktabanIn, I love you, SOURCE: Ike

ktakagikto, I want you to talk, SOURCE: Martha

kte’shyamIn, we go somewhere, SOURCE: Martha

ktekiwgumuk, farm house, SOURCE: Ruby

ktekiwkan, field/crop, SOURCE: Ruby

ktekiwnIne, farmer, SOURCE: Ruby

ktiti, otter, SOURCE: Ruby

ktitikwan, otter hat , SOURCE: Martha

Kumde’kwe’, mother earth, SOURCE: Martha

kuskusi, goose, SOURCE: Ike,
also beskesi

kuskusiyuk, geese, SOURCE: Ike

kwakwade’, grasshopper, SOURCE: Ike

kwakwanis, grasshopper (small), SOURCE: Ruby

kwaskso’on, jump, SOURCE: Martha

kwe’, woman, SOURCE: Maynard

kwe’, queen, SOURCE: Martha

kwe’k, women, SOURCE: Ruby

kwe’m, sister, SOURCE: Ruby

kwe’tan sIna, it may be so, SOURCE: Martha

kwe’tan, maybe, SOURCE: Ruby

kwe’yagwon, mare, SOURCE: Martha

kwebamscopton, twist rope or wire, SOURCE: Martha

kwekishmin, we are going to camp, SOURCE: Martha

kweksamin, break camp, SOURCE: Martha

kwetak, hill, SOURCE:

kwetakik, hilly, SOURCE: Ruby

kwukse’, prairie dog, SOURCE: Martha

kwukse’yuk, prairie dogs, SOURCE: Martha

kye’pshe’, deaf, SOURCE: Martha


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mabkamwaken, my necklace, SOURCE: Ruby

madwandomen, What do you want?, SOURCE: Martha

mage’, also, SOURCE: Jim

majen, go away, SOURCE: Martha

maji, leave, SOURCE: Daniels

makcewit, worker, SOURCE: Ruby

makosIn, soft shoe, SOURCE: Martha

mamcazma, surprise, SOURCE: Jim

mamkeci, toad, SOURCE: Ruby

mamkIji, make love (v), SOURCE: Jim

mamzhawe’, make love (n), SOURCE: Jim

mane’k, big herd, SOURCE: Martha

mano, must, SOURCE: Jim

manoge’na, in addition to (like we’we’ne’?), SOURCE: Jim

manozhab ye’si, that’s all right–he don’t have to come, SOURCE: Martha

mansis(-it?), bashful, SOURCE: Martha

mantanIsh, sheep, SOURCE: Ike

maske’wot, flying, SOURCE: Martha

matmo, pray, SOURCE: Jim

matmowIn, prayer, SOURCE: Martha

matsowIn, well-being, SOURCE: Jim

matweyashi, pole beans, SOURCE: Martha

mayos, cat, SOURCE: Daniels

mazhItshke’, doing, SOURCE: Jim

mba, to sleep, SOURCE: Daniels

mban, sleep!, SOURCE: Martha

mbembeto, I run (by), SOURCE: Ruby

mbes, lake, SOURCE: Ruby

mbeses, pond, SOURCE: Ruby

mbish, water, SOURCE: Ruby

mbish naden, go get some water, SOURCE: Martha

mbishkik, water puddle, SOURCE: Ruby

mbishkiwIn, wet/watery, SOURCE: Jim

mbop, soup, SOURCE: Ruby

mbozo, ride, SOURCE: Ruby

mcekote’, dress, SOURCE: Ruby

mcekotekoshkayak, skirt, SOURCE: Ruby

mcenkawen, glove/ball glove, SOURCE: Ruby

mcenkawnak, gloves, SOURCE: Ruby

mdatso, ten, SOURCE: Ruby

mdatsoshItngot, eleven, SOURCE: Ruby

mdatsoshItnizh, twelve, SOURCE: Ruby

mdemoze’, old lady, SOURCE: Daniels

mdemoze’yuk, old ladies, SOURCE: Ruby

mdodmogumuk, sweat house (lodge), SOURCE: Martha

me’cbi, animal, SOURCE: Ruby

me’cbiyuk, animals, SOURCE: Ruby

me’gwa, more, SOURCE: Jim

me’gwa ne’ ktagikto, Do you have time to talk?, SOURCE: Martha

me’gwa o wiboni, It will snow some more , SOURCE: Martha

me’kte’wasuk, black cloud, SOURCE: Martha

me’kte’wate’k, dark shade, SOURCE: Martha

me’mcikwe, tree frog, SOURCE: Ruby

me’me’juk, positive, SOURCE: Martha

me’mkwe’ge’, lady killer, SOURCE: Martha

Me’ne’wek, Milwaukee, SOURCE: Daniels

me’no, obvious, SOURCE: Jim

me’shak, large, SOURCE: Jim

me’shktenye’, redtail hawk, SOURCE: Ruby

me’skwak, red, SOURCE: Martha

me’skwankot, red cloud, SOURCE: Martha

megane’wiwkwon, war bonnet, SOURCE: Martha

megati ne’ktosha, war horse, SOURCE: Martha

megatkiwIn, war, SOURCE: Martha

memiki, butterfly, SOURCE: Ruby

Menomni, Menominee, SOURCE: Daniels

Menomnik, Menominee (pl.), SOURCE: Daniels

meshognin, harness, SOURCE: Martha

meshognuk, leather, SOURCE: Martha

meshyotkwe’swin, fancy sewing, SOURCE: Martha

mgIshup, mallard duck, SOURCE: Martha

mice’tasIn, stocking, SOURCE: Ruby

migati, fight, SOURCE: Martha

migatwik, fighters, SOURCE: Martha

mIgwe’c, thank you, SOURCE: Ruby

migwIn, feather, SOURCE: Ruby

mikce’wi, work (n), SOURCE: Jim

mikce’wiwIn, work (v), SOURCE: Jim

miknebwa, remind, SOURCE: Jim

mimi, dove, SOURCE: Ruby

mimis, little dove, SOURCE: Ruby

mInabshkuk, medicine/what they use in the sweat, SOURCE: Ike

mine’, and/again/more, SOURCE: Jim/Martha

minen, blueberries, SOURCE: Daniels list

miowmik, Miama, SOURCE: Martha

mIse’, sister (older), SOURCE: Ruby

mIshatsowen, regalia (Indian dress), SOURCE: Ruby

mishaknekwi, bat, SOURCE: Ruby

mIshkode’kwe’, Prairie Band woman, SOURCE: Martha

mIshkode’nIne, Prairie Band man, SOURCE: Martha

mIshkos, grass, SOURCE: Ike

mishkoswIn, strength, SOURCE: Jim

mIsho, grandpa, SOURCE: Jim

mIsho naynuk, our grandpas, SOURCE: Ike

mIshomes, grandfather, SOURCE: Ruby

mIstamo, water moccasin, SOURCE: Martha

mIte’, gas/oil, SOURCE: Jim

mIte’, grease/lard, SOURCE: Jim

mizi, poop, SOURCE: Jim

mje’sh, lots, SOURCE: Martha

mje’sh, much, SOURCE: Martha

mjumnito, devil or snake, SOURCE: Martha

mkete’mko, black bear, SOURCE: Martha

mkete’mnuk, blackberries, SOURCE: Ruby, another mkete’mnuk

mkete’muk, black beaver, SOURCE: Martha

mkIsnen, shoes, SOURCE: Ruby

mkite’, black powder, SOURCE: Martha

mko, bear, SOURCE: Martha

MkokisIs, January/Month of the bear, SOURCE: Martha

mkonicako, teddy bear/toy bear, SOURCE: Ruby

mkukos, box, SOURCE: Ruby

mkukos, bucket/pail, SOURCE: Ruby

mnetoseyen, bugs, SOURCE: Martha

mnIto, snake or devil, SOURCE: Martha

mnItomimi, white spirit from east, SOURCE: Martha

mnogizhget, it’s a nice day/it’s a clear day, SOURCE: Martha

mnogmowIn, good rain, SOURCE: Martha

Mnokesis, February/Month of rabbit conception, SOURCE: Martha

mnukwe’n, drink, SOURCE: Martha

mo, speak a language (suffix), SOURCE: Ruby

momyakwIt, stink, SOURCE: Martha

mose, worm, SOURCE: Martha

moshwag, scissors, SOURCE: Martha

moshwe, shawl, SOURCE: Martha

moshwe’kas, handkerchief, SOURCE: Ruby

mosik, grub worm, SOURCE: Martha

mote’, bottle, SOURCE: Martha

moto, goat, SOURCE: Martha

mowak, crying, SOURCE: Ruby

mowikiwIn, getting late, SOURCE: Martha

Mowowak Nodno, Crying Wind, SOURCE: Martha

mowowak o pInoce’, the child is crying, SOURCE: Martha

mozo, moose, SOURCE: Martha

mse’n naden, Go get some wood, SOURCE: Martha

Msheke’kesis, June/Month of the turtle, SOURCE: Martha

mshenkyenene, policeman, SOURCE: Ruby

mshika, spade ace, SOURCE: Martha

mshike’, turtle, SOURCE: Ike

mshkuke’, medicine, SOURCE: Ruby

mshkuke’wkwe, nurse, SOURCE: Ruby

mshkuke’wnene, doctor, SOURCE: Ruby

mshkwapko, penny, SOURCE: Ruby

mshuke’, cow, SOURCE: Ike

mshuke’s, calf, SOURCE: Ike

mshukwuk, cattle, SOURCE: Maynard

mskoda, prairie, SOURCE: Martha

mskokotkakIn, yarn, SOURCE: Martha

mskwe’, blood, SOURCE: Martha

msuguk, badger, SOURCE: Martha

Mswe’kesis, April/Month of the young rabbits, SOURCE: Martha

mtugmenen, acorns, SOURCE: Martha

mtugwabe’wnIne, tree, SOURCE: Maynard

mtugwakik, timber/in the woods, SOURCE: Daniels

mtugwe’nIn, trees/sticks, SOURCE: Maynard

mtugwIn, tree/wood, SOURCE: Ruby

mtuk, tree, SOURCE: Daniels

mtukce’gIn, fork, SOURCE: Maynard

mtukwabmingawish, mulberry tree, SOURCE: Martha

mtukwabmInuk, mulberry, SOURCE: Martha

mtukwakakin, corral, SOURCE: Martha

mugnenaso, carrying (a child), SOURCE: Jim

muk, beaver, SOURCE: Ruby

mukcako, frog, SOURCE: Ike

mukos, young beaver, SOURCE: Martha

mukte’, black, SOURCE: Jim

mukte’nene, African American, SOURCE: Ruby

mukte’wak, black, SOURCE: Ruby

mukweginshishiba, duck on the water, SOURCE: Martha

mwi, wolf, SOURCE:

myanIt, bad, SOURCE: Martha

myanIt nektosha, lame horse, SOURCE: Martha

myanse, ugly, SOURCE: Ruby

myaw, road, SOURCE: Ruby

mzenbyeke, draw, SOURCE: Ruby

mzenegIn, book/letter/paper, SOURCE: Ruby, another mzenegen

mzenegIn pkacanegIt, birth certificate, SOURCE: Martha

mzenekakIn, poster, SOURCE: Ruby

mzeneksegIn, picture, SOURCE: Ruby

mzhwe’, rabbit, SOURCE: Ruby

mzhwe’mojis, cowpeas (rabbit turds), SOURCE: Martha


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nabegwagwIn, halter, SOURCE: Martha

nabkowaken, necklace, SOURCE: Ruby

nabkwan, ship, SOURCE: Ruby

nabobyam, That’s my soup, SOURCE: Martha

nabyeken, pencil, SOURCE: Ruby

Nadwe’, Oneida; Iroquois in general, SOURCE: Daniels

Nadwe’k, Oneida; Iroquois in general (pl.), SOURCE: Daniels

naganit, leader/superintendent, SOURCE: Ruby

nagIc, soon, SOURCE: Ruby

nagIn, dish, SOURCE: Ruby

Nagmo, Sings all the time, SOURCE: Martha

nago, yesterday, SOURCE: Martha

nagonan, my relations, SOURCE: Ike

nagongIt, noon, SOURCE: Maynard

nagos, star, SOURCE: Martha

nagosuk, stars, SOURCE: Martha

nak, arm, SOURCE: Ruby

naken, bull rush rug, SOURCE: Martha

nakniskwe’n, bull rush, SOURCE: Martha

nakwatuk, echo, SOURCE: Martha

nangot, one apiece, SOURCE: Maynard

nanimwe’, coyote, SOURCE: Ruby

nanokas, hummingbird, SOURCE: Ruby

nasana, be careful, SOURCE: Martha

nashgin, shot gun, SOURCE: Martha

naskwewen, comb, SOURCE: Ruby

natowa, consult, SOURCE: Martha

nbapkoyon, my shirt, SOURCE: Martha

ndagmose’, I go by snowshoe, SOURCE: Ruby

ndamen, corn (grain), SOURCE: Maynard

ndamnabo, corn soup, SOURCE: Martha

ndamnuk, corn (ear), SOURCE: Jim

ndanIs, daughter, SOURCE: Martha

ndaw/ nwiyaw, I am, SOURCE: Ruby

nde’bwe’, I tell the truth, SOURCE: Ruby

ndetadi, I play cards; I gamble, SOURCE: Ruby

ndetike’, I make tea, SOURCE: Ruby

ndezhnekas NjIm, My name is Jim, SOURCE: Martha

ndukwe’m, my sister, SOURCE: Ike

ndukweyum, my wife, SOURCE: Ike

ne’, interrogative, SOURCE: Jim

ne’ap byan, come back, SOURCE: Martha

ne’ap, return/come again, SOURCE: Martha

ne’bmoge’, he is broke to ride, SOURCE: Martha

Ne’ktwe’duk, evening echo, SOURCE: Martha

ne’mwin, breath, SOURCE: Martha

ne’ne’yum, my mother, SOURCE: Ike

ne’ni, mother, SOURCE: Ruby

ne’shke’we’tuk, lonely sound, SOURCE: Martha

nec, hand, SOURCE: Ruby

necan, hands, SOURCE: Ruby

nejansIn, your(or his/her) children, SOURCE: Martha

nejapi, when, SOURCE: Martha

nekane’, brother, SOURCE: Martha

nektosha, horse, SOURCE: Jim

nektoshatabyan, wagon, SOURCE: Ruby

nektoshawgumuk, barn, SOURCE: Ruby

nektoshayuk, horses, SOURCE: Ruby

nektoshe’s, pony, SOURCE: Martha

nektoshe’s, small horse, SOURCE: Martha

nenwuk, men, SOURCE: Ruby

nepije na wazhyago, Where are we going?, SOURCE: Martha

nesca, in spite of, SOURCE: Jim

nesen, sleeves, SOURCE: Ruby

neses, sleeve, SOURCE: Ruby

neshke’, get up (from bed), SOURCE: Daniels

neshnabe’ mandaw, I’m an Indian, SOURCE: Martha

neshnabe’k, Indians/people, SOURCE: Ruby

neshnabe’mo, speak Indian, SOURCE: Daniels

neshpana, had it not been, SOURCE: Jim

neshpana, in spite of, SOURCE: Jim

netwe’dan, need, SOURCE: Martha

newakbiton, bend, SOURCE: Martha

neyap zhyan, go back, SOURCE: Martha

neye’zonya, danger, SOURCE: Martha

ngapi, coffee, SOURCE: Ruby

ngashknabagwe’, I am thirsty, SOURCE: Ruby

ngines, father-in-law, SOURCE: Martha

ngipukshin, I fell down, SOURCE: Martha

ngiwani, I am lost, SOURCE: Ruby

ngom, now/today, SOURCE: Martha

ngom e’ja tsote’ kisIs, today is the last day of the month, SOURCE: Martha

ngom odopi, right now, SOURCE: Martha

ngoshnIn, stop, SOURCE: Martha

ngot, one, SOURCE: Martha

ngotgonguk, Monday (first day), SOURCE: Martha

ngotmakweanuktak, one dollar bill (paper), SOURCE: Martha

ngotosuk, one thousand, SOURCE: Martha

ngotwak, one hundred, SOURCE: Martha

ngotwatso, six, SOURCE: Martha

ngotwatsomdina, sixty, SOURCE: Martha

ngotye’spen, quarter, SOURCE: Ruby

ngummo o pne’shi, the bird is singing, SOURCE: Martha

ngwankot, cloud, SOURCE: Martha

ngwankowuk, cloudy, SOURCE: Martha

ngye’ye’, my mother, SOURCE: Ruby

nibwe, stand, SOURCE: Ruby

nigankowuk, head thunder, SOURCE: Martha

nIgwan, thing, SOURCE: Jim

nijago, doll, SOURCE: Ruby

nijagowigwam, doll house, SOURCE: Ruby

nije ezhnekazyen, what is your name?, SOURCE: Martha

nije’ashwe’ psiyen, What’s wrong with you?, SOURCE: Martha

nijena, how are you?, SOURCE: Jim

nijItso, how much?/what time?, SOURCE: Jim

nijItso yawuk , what time is it? (literally–how much is it?), SOURCE: Jim

nikan, friend, SOURCE: Ruby

nIkane, brother of male, SOURCE: Ruby

nime’, why, SOURCE: Jim

nimedi, dance, SOURCE: Daniels

nimedin, dance!, SOURCE: Jim

nimediwak, they’re dancing, SOURCE: Ruby

nin, I/me, SOURCE: Ruby

ninan, us, SOURCE: Ruby

nine’sIn, bracelet, SOURCE: Martha

nIne, man, SOURCE: Martha

ninma o, That belongs to me, SOURCE: Martha

ninma, mine, SOURCE: Martha

nInse’ma, Indian tobacco, SOURCE: Ike

nInse’ma, tobacco (Indian), SOURCE: Ike

ninugne’, Ain’t it? (agreement), SOURCE: Martha

ninugne’, That’s it!, SOURCE: Martha

nInwezhe’k, milkweed, SOURCE: Lorenzo

nisajwen, down stream, SOURCE: Martha

nish, two, SOURCE: Martha

nishmukwe’, two dollar bill, SOURCE: Jim

nIshnabe’, Indian, SOURCE: Ruby

nishnabe’kwe’, Indian woman, SOURCE: Martha

nishnabe’manIn, I am Indian , SOURCE: Martha

nishnabe’ne’gwaswin, Indian way of sewing, SOURCE: Martha

nishnabe’negIn, Are you Indian?, SOURCE: Martha

nIshnabekmowen, speaking Potawatomi, SOURCE: Maynard

nishote’yuk, twins, SOURCE: Martha

nishpon, two years, SOURCE: Martha

nishwabdukangitdak, twenty dollar bill, SOURCE: Martha

nishwak, two hundred, SOURCE: Ruby

nishwaptuk, twenty, SOURCE: Martha

nishwik, two of anything, SOURCE: Martha

nishye’spen, fifty cents, SOURCE: Ruby

niskon gi kmowin, It has rained for two days, SOURCE: Martha

nitkako, sister, SOURCE: Ruby

nitowegon, broad cloth, SOURCE: Martha

nitwe’ndon, claim, SOURCE: Martha

niyew, my namesake, SOURCE: Daniels

nizhokma, help/assist, SOURCE: Jim

nizhokmaket, helper, SOURCE: Ruby

njezhek, just now, SOURCE: Daniels

nkaboston, I am going to let it cool off, SOURCE: Martha

nkemon, sing, SOURCE: Ruby

nmaji, I leave, SOURCE: Ruby

nmishomis, my grandpa, SOURCE: Martha

nodake’ okikyago, the girl hears, SOURCE: Martha

Nodnokwe, windy woman, SOURCE: Martha

nodon, hear, SOURCE: Martha

nognakwa, daughter-in-law, SOURCE: Martha

nokmIs, my grandma, SOURCE: Martha

nomewgIn, saddle, SOURCE: Martha

nomIn, rice or oats, SOURCE: Martha

nomuk, wait/little while/just a moment, SOURCE: Jim

nomyawkwIt, smells good, SOURCE: Martha

nomye’, just now/recently/awhile, SOURCE: Jim, another nomye’

nonakneyabo, milk, SOURCE: Ruby

nonogIn, breast/teat, SOURCE: Martha

nos, my father, SOURCE: Ruby

noshi, aunt (paternal), SOURCE: Ruby

nosis, grandchild, SOURCE: Martha

nosise’uk, my grandchildren, SOURCE: Martha

notakceken, radio, SOURCE: Ruby

notakse’wen/notakse’, voice, SOURCE: Martha

notin, wind, SOURCE: Martha

nouksomdina, seventy, SOURCE: Martha

nowak, seven, SOURCE: Martha

nozo, bless, SOURCE: Ruby

nsese’, older brother, SOURCE: Martha

nshime’, younger brother, SOURCE: Martha

nshime’yuk, younger brothers, SOURCE: Martha

nsIze’, my brother, SOURCE: Ruby

nsoegen, tepee, SOURCE: Martha

nsognakuk, Wednesday, SOURCE: Martha

nsugwIs, my aunt (maternal) , SOURCE: Jim

nswe’, three, SOURCE: Ruby

nswe’ptuk, thirty, SOURCE: Ruby

nte’te’, my father (informal), SOURCE: Ruby

nte’te’yumnos, father, SOURCE: Martha

ntowema, brother of female, SOURCE: Ruby

ntukwe’m, sister of male, SOURCE: Ruby

nuknes, nephew (your), SOURCE: Ruby

nukshe’ke’wak, pierced ears, SOURCE: Martha

nukshesin, wiener, SOURCE: Martha

nuksugnuk, hominy, SOURCE: Martha

numagishguk, Sunday, SOURCE: Martha

nume’geshukgot, one week, SOURCE: Martha

nume’wgumuk, church, SOURCE: Martha

numosh, dog, SOURCE: Maynard

numoshuk, dogs, SOURCE: Jim

nwap netmin, we are going to separate, SOURCE: Martha

nwashmo, rest, SOURCE: Ruby

nwecetmin, we are going to get married, SOURCE: Martha

nwepmongonektosha, I will ride a horse , SOURCE: Martha

nwepugna, throw them down , SOURCE: Martha

nwi, (future), SOURCE: Jim

nwi matmo, I will pray, SOURCE: Martha

nwi zhenakso, I am going to take a picture, SOURCE: Martha

nwi zhenaksoyan, I am going to have my picture taken, SOURCE: Martha

nwigiwe, I am going home, SOURCE: Martha

nwIpshena, I’m going to skin that, SOURCE: Martha

nyanIn, five, SOURCE: Ruby

nyanitse’nge’, make (items), SOURCE: Martha

nyanomtIne, fifty, SOURCE: Ruby

nyasInwe, get ready (for anything), SOURCE: Martha

nyaskeya, rather cool, SOURCE: Martha

nyaw, four, SOURCE: Ruby

nyawaptuk, forty, SOURCE: Ruby

nye’kwis, I’m tired, SOURCE: Martha

nye’waske’, little axe, SOURCE: Maynard


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o, that, SOURCE: Jim

o gigyago, that girl, SOURCE: Daniels

odan, town, SOURCE: Martha

odanes, small town, SOURCE: Ruby

odanke’, make a trip to town, SOURCE: Daniels

odanuk ndezhya, I’m going to town, SOURCE: Martha

odanuk, at/in/to town, SOURCE: Daniels

ogama, chief/king, SOURCE: Martha

oje’, fly, SOURCE: Ruby

oje’s, small fly, SOURCE: Martha

oken, bone, SOURCE: Ruby

okweken, neck, SOURCE: Ruby

okyanuk, farm animals, SOURCE: Martha

os, father, SOURCE: Ruby

oshkas, culvert, SOURCE: Martha

oshkIn, bridge (small), SOURCE: Martha

oshkIsh, eye, SOURCE: Jim

oshkIshkok, face, SOURCE: Ruby

oshkIshkwen, eyes, SOURCE: Ruby

oshwetake’, over the hill, SOURCE: Martha

otake’, world, SOURCE: Martha

otamken, chin, SOURCE: Ruby

otankik, general area of town, SOURCE: Martha

otanuk, up town, SOURCE: Martha

ote, this (close), SOURCE: Daniels

otoken, ears, SOURCE: Ruby

owshkesk, fingernail, SOURCE: Ruby


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pa’okata, skinny leg, SOURCE: Martha

pakeswan, clock, SOURCE: Martha

pakswayuk, whole kernel corn-cooked, SOURCE: Martha

pama, later/wait, SOURCE: Maynard

pama kowabtemIn mine’, after while we will see each other again, SOURCE: Martha

pama mine’, farewell, SOURCE: Ruby

pama mine’ ngoduk, I’ll see you some time, SOURCE: Martha

pama mine’ o knowabmin, I’ll see you again after while, SOURCE: Martha

pama shkIc, a little while later, SOURCE: Ruby

pamskonton, twist (dance), SOURCE: Martha

panuk, better, SOURCE: Martha

papagi, hound dog, SOURCE: Ruby

papkonoshkwe’, mouse, SOURCE: Ruby

pasigwin, Potawatomi Chief, SOURCE: Martha

pe’besiyacepsowin, beaded belt, SOURCE: Martha

pe’besyiyuk, beads, SOURCE: Martha

pe’matse’juk, people (living people), SOURCE: Martha

Pe’mkowe’t, Bear tracks in the snow, SOURCE: Martha

pe’pamonkwe’, gopher/mole, SOURCE: Martha

pe’pshuksin, empty, SOURCE: Martha

pe’skwe’yuk, night hawk, SOURCE: Martha

pe’tbuk, night, SOURCE: Maynard

pecyakwan, inside, SOURCE: Martha

penakwet, clean, SOURCE: Martha

penoje’, child, SOURCE: Maynard

penoje’k/ penoje’yuk, children, SOURCE: Maynard

penoje’s, small child, SOURCE: Jim

penoje’watsit, someone acting like a child, SOURCE: Ruby

pespeyason, drizzle, SOURCE: Martha

Petaske’kwe’, Sun shining in woman, SOURCE: Martha

pIn, potato, SOURCE: Jim

pIne’, always/ever (forever), SOURCE: Martha

pine’yawuk, ever/all the time, SOURCE: Martha

pInyak, potatoes, SOURCE: Martha

piskwe’wot, women’s stick game, SOURCE: Martha

pkamakin, tomahawk, SOURCE: Martha

pketin, let, SOURCE: Martha

pkoc, wild, SOURCE: Martha

pkockokosh, wild hog, SOURCE: Martha

pkocnomin, wild rice, SOURCE: Martha

pkocpne, wild turkey, SOURCE: Martha

pkocshuke’, buffalo/bison/wild bull (lit.), SOURCE: Martha

pkon, snow, SOURCE: Martha

pkonyamget, coming nighttime, SOURCE: Ike

pkonyawesnakon, supper time, SOURCE: Martha

pkonye’wesne’win, evening meal, SOURCE: Martha

pkowatuk, elk horn, SOURCE: Martha

pne’, turkey, SOURCE: Ruby

Pne’kesis, November/Month of the turkey and feast, SOURCE: Martha

pne’shi, bird, SOURCE: Maynard

pne’shiyuk, birds, SOURCE: Maynard

pne’to, rain crow, SOURCE: Martha

pnoc, far, SOURCE: Martha

poji, wrong way/not right, SOURCE: Maynard

pokekwe’, aces, SOURCE: Martha

pokma, plum, SOURCE: Ruby

pokmInesIn, cranberries, SOURCE: Martha

pokto, pear, SOURCE: Martha

poktoyuk, pears, SOURCE: Maynard

PondIse’, North/Old Man Winter, SOURCE: Ike

pozankot, it is really cloudy, SOURCE: Martha

psho, striped (as a tiger), SOURCE: Martha

pshoknos, whistle, SOURCE: Martha

pugna, fresh corn bread, SOURCE: Martha

pugwin, flute, SOURCE: Martha

pukcawcakin, saddle blanket, SOURCE: Martha

Puknine, Night man, SOURCE: Martha

puktabe, thick headed, SOURCE: Martha

pukwin, back of a bear, SOURCE: Martha

pukyagan, round house, SOURCE: Martha

pukyuk, cattail, SOURCE: Martha

pwagIn, pipe, SOURCE: Martha

pwagnatuk, pipe stem, SOURCE: Martha


s

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sa:kum, go to the bathroom, SOURCE: Jim

sagec, outside, SOURCE: Daniels

sagnash, British, SOURCE: Martha

sago, monkey, SOURCE: Martha

saksonen, socks, SOURCE: Ruby

samje’sh kakiktoyIn, you talk too much, SOURCE: Martha

samweka, too late, SOURCE: Martha

sanyasuk, silver, SOURCE: Martha

saskokwe’te’, fried bread, SOURCE: Martha

saskokwe’te’, fry (also short form for fry bread), SOURCE: Maynard

saskokwe’te’k kweshken, fried bread, SOURCE: Ruby

saswa, cracklings, SOURCE: Martha

sate’n, feet, SOURCE: Ruby

sawak, brown, SOURCE: Ruby

sawakashobuk, saurkraut, SOURCE: Martha

sawasmo, lightning, SOURCE: Martha

Sawjigwe’, West Thunder(Yellow), SOURCE: Maynard

se’ma, tobacco (ordinary), SOURCE: Ike

se’maskcmot, tobacco sack, SOURCE: Martha

se’mba, ribbon, SOURCE: Martha

se’meyon, tobacco bag with trim, SOURCE: Martha

se’mkisnin, moccosin, SOURCE: Martha

se’sksi, teenage girl, SOURCE: Daniels

se’sksiyuk, teenage girls, SOURCE: Daniels

se’spo, ground corn, SOURCE: Martha

sebap, rope, SOURCE: Martha

sebapIs, thread, SOURCE: Martha

sebewas, brook, SOURCE: Martha

sebewe’, creek, SOURCE: Martha

sebocken, file (tool), SOURCE: Ruby

sembawe’gIn, silk goods, SOURCE: Martha

sen, rock/stone, SOURCE: Martha/Daniels

senabe’wnIne, rock, SOURCE: Maynard

sengo, squirrel, SOURCE: Martha

senmode’, crock, SOURCE: Martha

senpwakin, stone pipe, SOURCE: Martha

senye’k, rocks, SOURCE: Ruby

shabneken, needle, SOURCE: Ruby

shak, nine, SOURCE: Martha

shakwesh, onion, SOURCE: Jim

shamate, rifle, SOURCE: Martha

shamosowin, feed (for animals), SOURCE: Martha

shanwe’nge’, rattlesnake, SOURCE: Martha

shapkawIs, I have diarrhea, SOURCE: Jim

shapkawzIt, he has diarrhea, SOURCE: Jim

shashepshkok, rubber, SOURCE: Martha

shashkugwe’, vomit, SOURCE: Martha

shate’mgIt, it’s really hot, SOURCE: Ike

Shawdese’, South (where the heat comes from), SOURCE: Ike

shawnash, warm wind/south wind, SOURCE: Martha

Shawnokuk, Thunder Clan name, SOURCE: Martha

she’ba, this morning (past), SOURCE: Daniels

she’gate’, mud duck, SOURCE: Martha

She’zhos, Jesus, SOURCE: Maynard

shebwoso, rabbit running fast, SOURCE: Lorenzo

shepshi, tiger, SOURCE: Ruby

sheyoshke’, bird flying fast, SOURCE: Lorenzo

shime’, younger sister, SOURCE: Martha

shinga, son in law, SOURCE: Martha

shishi, potty, SOURCE: Jim

shishibe’, duck, SOURCE: Ike

shishibe’s, little duck, SOURCE: Ruby

shishibe’yuk, ducks, SOURCE: Ike

shishigwIn, gourd, SOURCE: Ike

shishko, muskrat, SOURCE: Martha

shishkoyuk, muskrats, SOURCE: Martha

shkak, skunk, SOURCE: Martha

shkatze’, angry/mad, SOURCE: Ike

shkatze’duk, s/he must be mad, SOURCE: Ike

shkenwe’, teenage boy, SOURCE: Daniels

shkin, beeswax, SOURCE: Martha

shkop, cedar, SOURCE: Ike

shkote’, fire/match, SOURCE: Ike

shkote’nsi, fire spirit, SOURCE: Ike

shkote’sen, matches, SOURCE: Ruby

shkote’tabyan, train/fire wagon, SOURCE: Ruby

shkum, mosquito, SOURCE: Ruby

Shkupkujigwe’, South Thunder (Red), SOURCE: Maynard

shkwate’m, door, SOURCE: Ruby

shmaka, jack, SOURCE: Martha

shmaknesh, soldier, SOURCE: Ruby

shmakneshuk, soldiers, SOURCE: Ruby

shnabe, bunch of Indians, SOURCE: Martha

shokin, flint rock, SOURCE: Martha

shokinkik, flint hill grounds, SOURCE: Martha

shokso, nine o’clock, SOURCE: Martha

shoksomdina, ninety, SOURCE: Martha

shomigwe’, smile, SOURCE: Martha

shomigwe’n, smiles, SOURCE: Martha

shongin, paint, SOURCE: Martha

shonya, money, SOURCE: Martha

shonyashkamot, purse, SOURCE: Ruby

shpamuk, heaven, SOURCE: Martha

shpamuk, upstairs, SOURCE: Martha

shupshe, lion (cougar), SOURCE: Martha

shwatso, eight, SOURCE: Ruby

sibe, river, SOURCE: Ruby

sIntabagon, painted tepee, SOURCE: Martha

sispakwIt, sugar, SOURCE: Ike

siwmkesnen, moccasins, SOURCE: Ruby

siwnwen, grapes, SOURCE: Ruby

siwswe’mnen, cherries, SOURCE: Ruby

siwtagen, salt, SOURCE: Maynard

sIze’, brother (older), SOURCE: Ruby

skabe’ogot, dance in place, SOURCE: Martha

skakaken, safety pin, SOURCE: Ruby

skakas, nail, SOURCE: Ruby

skakwe’shak, onions, SOURCE: Martha

skamot, bag, SOURCE: Martha

skape’, helldiver (duck), SOURCE: Martha

skikoke’shInIn, eye glasses, SOURCE: Martha

skitonapcagIn, bridle, SOURCE: Martha

skon, school, SOURCE: Martha

skongamuk, school house, SOURCE: Ruby

skono, go to school, SOURCE: Daniels

skonot, attend school, SOURCE: Ruby

skwe’yak, behind, SOURCE: Martha

sneyen, after, SOURCE: Martha

snugit, hard, SOURCE: Martha

sugmuk, earth, SOURCE: Ruby

sugnog, blackbird, SOURCE: Martha

sugwIs, aunt (maternal), SOURCE: Ruby

Sukmukwe’, Grandmother Earth, SOURCE: Maynard

suksi, deer, SOURCE: Ike

swaptukminangot, thirty one, SOURCE: Martha

swatsomdina, eighty, SOURCE: Martha


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tabneciowen, ring finger, SOURCE: Ruby

tabyan, vehicle/buggy/wagon, SOURCE: Martha

tadi, play cards; gamble, SOURCE: Daniels

taknage’n, sign your name, SOURCE: Martha

takoshenuk, stairway, SOURCE: Martha

takozen, climb a tree, SOURCE: Martha

takozennatuk, step ladder, SOURCE: Martha

taswen, cupboard, SOURCE: Martha

tatakos, civet cat, SOURCE: Ruby

tatbakwen, leaves (tree), SOURCE: Ruby

Tawak, Ottawa, SOURCE: Martha

tbake’, bottom land, SOURCE: Martha

tbakiswanes, wrist watch, SOURCE: Ruby

tbosIn, little sticks, SOURCE: Ike

Te’minkesis, May/Month of the strawberry, SOURCE: Martha

te’pmenen, strawberries, SOURCE: Ruby

Te’te’pe’ kweguin, Floating on top of water, SOURCE: Martha

tenses, dime, SOURCE: Ruby

tetbese, wheel, SOURCE: Ruby

ti, tea, SOURCE: Jim

tike’, make tea, SOURCE: Daniels

tkamaskwen, log on creek, SOURCE: Martha

tkamenebe’, go across, SOURCE: Martha

tkap, well, SOURCE: Ruby

tkenagin, cradle, SOURCE: Martha

tnacken, dresser, SOURCE: Ruby

tnoshmIs, niece of female, SOURCE: Daniels list

topeka, plenty potatoes, SOURCE: Martha

tpukises, moon, SOURCE: Maynard

tubwIn, table, SOURCE: Ike

tupne’weIn, ring, SOURCE: Martha


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wabjete, fresh bread (yeast bread), SOURCE: Martha

wabkonoshkwe’, rat, SOURCE: Ruby

wabkoyan, shirt, SOURCE: Ruby

Wabmimi, Grey dove, SOURCE: Martha

Wabneki, Stockbridge–Munsee, SOURCE: Daniels

Wabnekiyuk, Stockbridge–Munsee, SOURCE: Daniels

wabnum, wolf (white dog), SOURCE: Martha

waboyan, blanket, SOURCE: Ruby

wabozo, white rabbit, SOURCE: Ruby

wabozoyuk, rabbits, SOURCE: Martha

wabshkInmIshgot, white-skinned, SOURCE: Martha

wabshkukbyag, sage, SOURCE: Ruby

wabuk, tomorrow, SOURCE: Martha

wajinomguk, that’s how it’s going to be, SOURCE: Jim

waka’Iken, fence, SOURCE: Ruby

wamtagozhi, Frenchman, SOURCE: Martha

wamtagozhikwe’, French (female), SOURCE: Martha

wangok, hole, SOURCE: Martha

wanotshik, big herd, SOURCE: Martha

Wapcigwe’, East Thunder (white), SOURCE: Ike/Maynard

wapkizhgIt, white pigeon, SOURCE: Martha

wapkon, pumpkin, SOURCE: Ike

wapkonen, pumpkins, SOURCE: Jim

wapmimi, gray pigeon, SOURCE: Martha

wapshkitbe, grey headed, SOURCE: Martha

wapshkyak, white, SOURCE: Ruby

wapti, antelope, SOURCE: Ruby

waptiyen, antelope, SOURCE: Martha

wasecgen, window, SOURCE: Martha

waseya, very light (bright sunshine), SOURCE: Ike

wasgagIn, hot peppers, SOURCE: Martha

Washa, One of the red earth, SOURCE: Martha

washkbak, fruit, SOURCE: Ruby

waskone’jegin, window, SOURCE: Ruby

waskone’to, flower, SOURCE: Ruby

waskone’toyen, flowers, SOURCE: Ruby

waskonenjegen, lamp, SOURCE: Martha

waskonetomotyes, vase, SOURCE: Ruby

waskuk, pepper, SOURCE: Jim

watiya, wow!/exclamation of surprise, SOURCE: Jim

waw, egg, SOURCE: Maynard

wawapmowen, mirror, SOURCE: Ruby

wawe’n, eggs, SOURCE: Maynard

wawijge’, read, SOURCE: Jim

wayagon, round house, SOURCE: Martha

waye’bnowan, roach (head dress), SOURCE: Martha

waye’yak, circle, SOURCE: Martha

Wdawa, Odawa; Ottawa, SOURCE: Daniels

Wdawak, Odawa; Ottawa, SOURCE: Daniels

we’gni, what, SOURCE: Jim

we’gni jena dote’m, what is your clan?, SOURCE: Maynard

we’gni jena, what’s the matter?, SOURCE: Jim

we’gni jena, what’s wrong?, SOURCE: Jim

we’gni mazhIcshke’yen, what are you doing?, SOURCE: Jim

we’gnije’, what is it?, SOURCE: Jim

we’gnije’, what’s up?, SOURCE: Jim

we’gnije’, what? (more specific than we’gni), SOURCE: Jim

we’je’pwate’k, purple (shade of a color), SOURCE: Martha

we’neja i, whose, SOURCE: Martha

we’nija, who, SOURCE: Jim

we’nija o, who is that, SOURCE: Martha

we’onuk, beauty, SOURCE: Martha

we’sabuk, dawn, SOURCE: Jim

we’shaseyasnIn, dumplings, SOURCE: Martha

We’shkitdaminkesis, July/Month of the young corn, SOURCE: Martha

we’tase’, brave, SOURCE: Martha

we’we’ne’, emphasis, SOURCE: Jim

we’we’ne’ ezhIcge’n, do it the right way, SOURCE: Ike

Wedawbuk, East Thunder, SOURCE: Ike

WejpIshmok, West, SOURCE: Ike

wekashwInen, toys, SOURCE: Martha

wekati, lizard, SOURCE: Ruby

wekImtagosh, French, SOURCE: Martha

wekshi, fox, SOURCE: Ruby

wemkwoyane, caterpillar, SOURCE: Ruby

wenkwenket, driver, SOURCE: Ruby

wepwise’, when wind shakes dust off the leaves, SOURCE: Martha

weshkItange’, spread out, SOURCE: Martha

wetukuk, brass kettle, SOURCE: Martha

wewebsowIn, swing, SOURCE: Ruby

wewesnakewin, feast, SOURCE: Martha

weyo, carcass, SOURCE: Martha

wgumuk, place to live, SOURCE: Ruby

wibtan, teeth, SOURCE: Ruby

wicapkwak, blue, SOURCE: Ruby

widoko, play, SOURCE: Jim

wigwam, house, SOURCE: Ruby

wigwamkasotabyan, camper (vehicle), SOURCE: Ruby

wigwamuk, houses, SOURCE: Ruby

wije’we’, go along; come along; accompany, SOURCE: Daniels

wikoshwenkako, toy chest, SOURCE: Ruby

wInage’, buzzard, SOURCE: Ruby

winbati, squash, SOURCE: Martha

wInbye’go, Winnebago, SOURCE: Jim

winishkon, get up/get ready, SOURCE: Martha

winkiwIn, muddy, SOURCE: Martha (Maynard: wInkayawIn)

winsakeekyahgo, pretty girl, SOURCE: Martha

winsawak, filthy, SOURCE: Martha

wInsi, fog, SOURCE: Maynard

winsIsen, hair, SOURCE: Ruby

wInsiwIn, it’s foggy, SOURCE: Maynard

winukshage’, carve, SOURCE: Martha

winwa, they, SOURCE: Ruby

wipamatse’, one going to travel, SOURCE: Martha

wipamatsik, they are going to travel, SOURCE: Martha

wisawa, yellow, SOURCE: Ruby

wisen, eat, SOURCE: Ruby

wishkbabo, pop, SOURCE: Jim

wishkIs, strength (I am strong), SOURCE: Martha

wishkitba, hard head, SOURCE: Martha

wishkitmyaw, hard road, SOURCE: Martha

wishpumnuk, sweet corn, SOURCE: Martha

wishpupnyak, sweet potatoe, SOURCE: Martha

wiskIn, bitter, SOURCE: Martha

wIsnago, day before yesterday, SOURCE: Jim

wisnawen!, eat!, SOURCE: Jim

wisnawen, food, SOURCE: Jim

wisnIn, you eat, SOURCE: Martha

wisnuk, let us eat, SOURCE: Jim

wIswabuk, day after tomorrow, SOURCE: Jim

wiwIn, his wife, SOURCE: Martha

wiwkwan, cap/hat, SOURCE: Ruby

wiwkwe’bsowen, head scarf, SOURCE: Ruby

wiyas, meat, SOURCE: Ruby

wiyobashe’, going to drift, SOURCE: Martha

wizawage’, yellow hammer woodpecker, SOURCE: Ike

wizawaksot, bacon, SOURCE: Martha

wizawaksotkokosh, bacon, SOURCE: Ruby

Wjebwe’, Ojibwe; Chippewa, SOURCE: Daniels

Wjebwe’k, Ojibwe(pl.); Chippewa, SOURCE: Daniels


y

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yabe’, elk, SOURCE: Martha

yabwe’, dream, SOURCE: Daniels

yabye’tse’, lazy, SOURCE: Martha

yagwangin, along the same line, SOURCE: Martha

yagwanIn, things, SOURCE: Martha

yagwatse’, you are crazy, SOURCE: Martha

yakakwe’n, hug, SOURCE: Martha

yakakwe’nshin, hug me, SOURCE: Martha

yaknoge’, sick/ill, SOURCE: Daniels

yaknoge’wgumuk, hospital, SOURCE: Ruby

yakwakte’, something burned, SOURCE: Ruby

yakwakte’tabyan, fire truck, SOURCE: Ruby

yankobcakin, grandson, SOURCE: Martha

yanmakso, frenzy, SOURCE: Jim

yapciyen, hurry up, SOURCE: Ruby

yasotkwe’bsowen, headband, SOURCE: Ruby

yawe’, be, SOURCE: Daniels

yawet, that, SOURCE: Daniels

yawkokak, Thursday, SOURCE: Martha

yawshiwetabyan, taxi, SOURCE: Ruby

yawuk, is, SOURCE: Jim

yaye’non, laugh, SOURCE: Martha

yayenot, laughing, SOURCE: Ruby

ye’ i, the , SOURCE: Martha

ye’kwIs, tired, SOURCE: Jim


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zawage’, yellow hammer, SOURCE: Martha

Zawasnokwan, Rain woman, SOURCE: Martha

zawishkeno, yellow thunderbird, SOURCE: Martha

zhenkazo (ndeshnekas/nwi-zhenkas), named so, SOURCE: Daniels

zhenwIn, ready, SOURCE: Martha

zhInkawnIne’, cop, SOURCE: Ruby

zhwe’nmIshen, pity me, SOURCE: Ike

zhya, go there, SOURCE: Daniels

zinda, bucket (tapered?), SOURCE: Martha

zwada, down there, SOURCE: Martha

On Participles

Some Participle forms:

Verb Participle Translation

Bidge         Badgejek            The ones who go in

Giwe         Gawejek             The ones who go home

Maji           Majijek               The ones who leave

Bkede        Bekdejek            The ones who are hungry

Giwse        Gawsejek           The ones who hunt

Nbe           Nebajek              The ones who sleep

Bmose       Bamsejek           The ones who walk

Yawe         Yawjek               The ones who are

Some Participle forms:

Verb Participle Translation

Bebamse   Bebamsejek        The ones who walk around

*Used for large hunting birds, and is a spiritual term

Bmepto     Bambetojek        The ones who run

Wisne        Wasnejek           The ones who are eating

Jibdeb        Jabdebjek           The ones who are sitting

Wdeme      Wedmajek          The ones who are smoking

Gigeno      Gagenojek          The ones who are cooking

Mnekwe    Menkwejek        The ones who are drinking

Yayeno      Yayenojek          The ones who are laughing

Some Participle forms:

Verb Participle Translation

Bidge         Badget       The one who goes in

Giwe         Gawet        The one who goes home

Maji           Majit         The one who leaves

Bkede        Bekdet       The one who is hungry

Giwse        Gawset      The one who hunts

Nbe           Nebat         The one who sleeps

Bmose       Bamset      The one who walks

Yawe         Yawet        The one who is

Some Participle forms:

Verb Participle Translation

Bebamse   Bebamset The one who walks around

*Used for large hunting birds, and is a spiritual term

Bmepto     Bambetot   The one who runs

Wisne        Wasnet      The one who is eating

Jibdeb        Jabdebet    The one who is sitting

Wdeme      Wedmat     The one who is smoking

Gigeno      Gagenot     The one who is cooking

Mnekwe    Menkwet   The one who is drinking

Yayeno      Yayenot     The one who is laughing

Let’s look at this in a different way …

Bidge He/she goes in

(independent)

Bidgek They come in

(independent)

Ebidget He/she comes in

(conjunct)

Ebidgewat They come in (conjunct)

Badget The one who comes in

(participle)

Badgejek The ones who come in

(participle)

Giwe He/she goes home

(independent)

Giwek They go home

(independent)

Egiwet He/she goes home

(conjunct)

Egiwewat They go home

(conjunct)

Gawet The one who goes home

(participle)

Gawejek The ones who go home

(participle)

Maji He/she leaves

(independent)

Majik They leave

(independent)

Emajit He/she leaves (conjunct)

Emajiwat They leave (conjunct)

Majit The one who leaves

(participle)

Majijek The ones who leave

(participle)

Bkede He/she is hungry

(independent)

Bkedek They are hungry

(independent)

Ebkedet He/she is hungry

(conjunct)

Ebkedewat They are hungry

(conjunct)

Bekdet The one who is hungry

(participle)

Bekdejek The ones who are

hungry (participle)

Giwse He/she hunts

(independent)

Giwsek They hunt (independent)

Egiwset He/she hunts (conjunct)

Egiwsewat They hunt (conjunct)

Gawset The one who hunts

(participle)

Gawsejek The ones who hunts

(participle)

Nbe He/she sleeps

(independent)

Nbek They sleep

(independent)

Embat He/she sleeps (conjunct)

Ernbewat They sleep (conjunct)

Nebat The one who sleeps

(participle)

Nebajek The ones who sleep

(participle)

Bmose He/she walks

(independent)

Bmosek They walk (independent)

Ebmoset He/she walks (conjunct)

Ebmosewat They walk (conjunct)

Bamset The one who walks

(participle)

Bmosejek The ones who walk

(participle)

Yawe He/she is (independent)

Yawik They are (independent)

Eyawet .., He/she is (conjunct)

Eyawewat They are (conjunct)

Yawet The one who is

(participle)

Yawjek The ones who are

(participle)

Bebamse He/she walks around

(independent)

Bebamsek They walk around

(independent)

Ebebamset He/she walks around

(conjunct)

Ebebamsewat They walks around

(conjunct)

Bebamset The one who walks

around (participle)

*Large Bird

Bebamsejek The ones who walk

around (participle)

*Large Birds

Bmepto He/she runs

(independent)

Bmeptok They run (independent)

Ebambetot He/she runs (conjunct)

Ebambetowat They run (conjunct)

Bambetot The one who runs

(participle)

Bambetojek The ones who are

(participle)

Wisne He/she eats

(independent)

Wisnik They eat (independent)

Ewisnet He/she eats (conjunct)

Ewisnewat They eat (conjunct)

Wasnet The one who eats

(participle)

Wasnejek The ones who eat

(participle)

Jibdep He/she sits

(independent)

Jibdebwik They sit (independent)

Ejibdebet He/she sits (conjunct)

Ejibdebwat They sit (conjunct)

Jabdebet The one who sits

(participle)

Jabdebjek The ones who sit

(participle)

Wdeme He/she smokes

(independent)

Wdemek They smoke

(independent)

Ewdemet He/she smokes

(conjunct)

Ewdemewat They smoke (conjunct)

Wedmat The one who smokes

(participle)

Wedmajek The ones who smoke

(participle)

Gigeno He/she cooks

(independent)

Gigenok They cook

(independent)

Egigenot He/she cooks (conjunct)

Egigenowat They cook (conjunct)

Gagenot The one who cooks

(participle)

Gagenojek The ones who cook

(participle)

Mnekwe He/she drinks

(independent)

Mnekwek They drinks

(independent)

Ernnekwet He/she drinks (conjunct)

Emnekwewat They drink (conjunct)

Menkwet The one who drinks

(participle)

Menkwejek The ones who drink

(participle)

Yayeno He/she laughs

(independent)

Yayenok They laugh

(independent)

Eyayenot He/she laughs

(conjunct)

Eyayenowat They laugh (conjunct)

Yayenot The one who laughs

(participle)

Yayenoiek The ones who laugh

(participle)